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1、writer,whichinmoderncriticismwegenerallycall“theme”. I.WhatIsTheme? Oneofthesafestcommentstomakeaboutnovelsisonthetheme.Everyoneisentitledtoextractathemebaseduponhisunderstandingofthenovel.Thememaybethemostdemocraticelementsinliterature,becauseitsdefinitionistheleastrestri
2、ctive.Thethemeofanovelisitscontrollingideaoritscentralinsight.Beinganideaoraninsight,thethemeshouldbeabstractanditshouldgeneralizeaboutlife.Labeledascontrollingorcentral,thethemeshouldbecapableofunifyingthewholenovel. Sothethemeofastory,then,iswhatevergeneralideaorinsightt
3、heentirestoryreveals. II.ClarificationaboutTheme Commonasitis,themesufferssomemisunderstandings.Onemisconceptionabout themeisthateachnovelhasathemeorthemes,orthemeisimportanttoallnovels.Infact,somenovels,interestingonesthough,donotprovideanyinsightintolife.Forexample,manyn
4、ovelsofratiocinationandnovelsofhorror.Thesenovelsareaimedatentertainingthereader,notatimprovinghisunderstandingoflife.Theymaysometimestouchuponthehumannatureorsocialproblems,buttheseissuesareonlyusedtopushtheplotforwardandtheyarenotmentionedfortheirownvalue.Themeexistsonly
5、inthenovelthatseriouslyattemptstoreflectlifefaithfullyorintendstorevealtruthaboutlife,orinthenovelsthatarebasedonideasortheoriesoflife.(forexample,novelsofideas). Anothermisconceptionaboutthemeisthatthethemeislargelywhatthenovelis.Some peoplediscardthenovelwhentheythinktha
6、ttheyhavegotthetheme.Itshouldbemadeclearthatthenovelisnotwrittentoconveyanideabuttoconveyanideaartistically.Thenovelisaworkofartwhereasthethemeisonlyanabstractidea.Ananalogyfromdailylifemayhelpclarifythisquestion.Peopleallneedvitaminsandgetthemfromvariouskindsofvegetablesa
7、ndfruits.Onlythosewithdeficiencyofonekindoranotherhavetotakevitaminpillstogettherequiredamount.Thedifferencebetweenthethemeandthenovelismuchlikethatbetweenthevitaminsandthevegetables.Thereadersometimesfindsthatthethemeofanovelissimilartooreventhesameaswhathehasalreadyknown
8、aboutlifeandthatheisstillfascinatedbythenovel.Themeappealssolelytotheintellectuallevelofr
