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1、writer,whichinmoderncriticismwegenerallycall“theme”. I.WhatIsTheme? Oneofthesafestcommentstomakeaboutnovelsisonthetheme.Everyoneisentitledtoextractathemebaseduponhisunderstandingofthenovel.Thememaybethemostdemocraticelementsinliterature,becauseitsdefinitionist
2、heleastrestrictive.Thethemeofanovelisitscontrollingideaoritscentralinsight.Beinganideaoraninsight,thethemeshouldbeabstractanditshouldgeneralizeaboutlife.Labeledascontrollingorcentral,thethemeshouldbecapableofunifyingthewholenovel. Sothethemeofastory,then,iswha
3、tevergeneralideaorinsighttheentirestoryreveals. II.ClarificationaboutTheme Commonasitis,themesufferssomemisunderstandings.Onemisconceptionabout themeisthateachnovelhasathemeorthemes,orthemeisimportanttoallnovels.Infact,somenovels,interestingonesthough,donotpro
4、videanyinsightintolife.Forexample,manynovelsofratiocinationandnovelsofhorror.Thesenovelsareaimedatentertainingthereader,notatimprovinghisunderstandingoflife.Theymaysometimestouchuponthehumannatureorsocialproblems,buttheseissuesareonlyusedtopushtheplotforwardan
5、dtheyarenotmentionedfortheirownvalue.Themeexistsonlyinthenovelthatseriouslyattemptstoreflectlifefaithfullyorintendstorevealtruthaboutlife,orinthenovelsthatarebasedonideasortheoriesoflife.(forexample,novelsofideas). Anothermisconceptionaboutthemeisthatthethemei
6、slargelywhatthenovelis.Some peoplediscardthenovelwhentheythinkthattheyhavegotthetheme.Itshouldbemadeclearthatthenovelisnotwrittentoconveyanideabuttoconveyanideaartistically.Thenovelisaworkofartwhereasthethemeisonlyanabstractidea.Ananalogyfromdailylifemayhelpcl
7、arifythisquestion.Peopleallneedvitaminsandgetthemfromvariouskindsofvegetablesandfruits.Onlythosewithdeficiencyofonekindoranotherhavetotakevitaminpillstogettherequiredamount.Thedifferencebetweenthethemeandthenovelismuchlikethatbetweenthevitaminsandthevegetables
8、.Thereadersometimesfindsthatthethemeofanovelissimilartooreventhesameaswhathehasalreadyknownaboutlifeandthatheisstillfascinatedbythenovel.Themeappealssolelytotheintellectuallevelofr