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1、Chapter51.Modernism:1.1.PoliticalandEconomicBackground:WWⅠ1.2.CulturalBackground•Darwin’sOriginofSpecies•Freud’sanalyticalpsychology(libido,id,ego,superego)•IrrationalPhilosophers:Schopenhauer&Nietzsche1.3Modernistliteratureischaracterizedchieflybyarejectionof19th
2、-centurytraditions.Chapter52.Imagism:2.1.Definition:ImagismisthedoctrineandpoeticpracticeofasmallbutinfluentialgroupofAmericanandBritishpoetscallingthemselvesimagistsbetween1912and1917.Aimingatanewclarityandexactnessintheshortlyricpoem,theimagistscultivatedconcisi
3、onanddirectness,buildingtheirshortpoemsaroundsingleimages;theyalsopreferredloosercadencestotraditionalregularrhythms.2.2.Leaders:EzraPoundandAmyLowell2.3Features:•Freechoiceofsubjectmatter•Freeverse•Image•WithoutinterpretationorcommentChapter52.4.Influences:•Theim
4、agisttheoriescallforbrieflanguage,describingtheprecisepictureinasfewwordsaspossible.Thisnewwayofpoetrycompositionhasalastinginfluenceinthe20thcenturypoetry.•ThesecondlastinginfluenceofImagismistheformoffreeverse.Therearenometricalrules.Thereareapparentindiscrimina
5、telinebreaks,whichreflectsthediscontinuityoflifeitself.Thatisartofthepoem.(Thepoetusesthelengthofthelinesandthestrangegroupingsofwordstoshowhowlifeitselfcanbebrokenupintosomehowmeaninglessclusters.)Chapter53.TheLostGeneration:3.1ItwasfirstusedbyGertrudeStein,anAme
6、ricanwomanwriter,whowasoneoftheleadersofthegroup.3.2.Itdefinesasenseofmorallossoraimlessness.TheWWIdestroyedtheinnocentideas,manygoodyoungmenwenttothewaranddied,orreturneddamaged,bothphysicallyandmentally;theirmoralfaithwerenolongervalid---theywere“Lost.”Chapter5•
7、Narrowsense:agroupofAmericanwriters,includingHemingway,F.S.Fitzgerald,J.DosPassos,E.E.Cummings,SherwoodAnderson,andHartCrane,etc.•BroadSense:theentirepost-WWIAmericanyounggeneration3.3MainCharacteristicsSufferingfromthewar,losingbeliefs,beingcutofffromthepast,disi
8、llusioned,unableorunwillingtosettlebackintotheroutinesofpeacetimelife,indulgedindrinkingandpartying.EzraLoomisPound(1885-1972)HisLife:thefatherofmodernA
