高中英语必修一m单词讲解

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amusingadjcausinglaughterorsmiles;enjoyable好笑的;有趣的;引人发笑的:anamusingstory,story-teller好笑的故事,讲故事的人Ourvisitstothe theatremadetheholidaymoreamusing.我们因看了几场戏而使假日倍添情趣.energeticfullofordonewithenergy(1)精力充沛的;充满活力的:anenergeticchild 精力旺盛的孩子takesomeenergeticexercise做些剧烈的锻炼.intelligentadjhavingorshowingintelligence聪明的;有才智的;有头脑的:anintelligentchild 聪明的孩子anintelligentexpressiononsb'sface某人脸上聪慧的神情intelligentquestions,answers,remarks,etc巧妙的问题、回答、言语等takeanintelligentinterestinsth 对某事物产生琢磨的兴趣.intelligencen1[U]poweroflearning,understandingandreasoning;mentalability学习、理解和推理的能力;智力;脑力: apersonofhigh,great,average,little,lowintelligence智力高的、有智慧的、智力中等的、无头脑的、智能低下的人Whenthewaterpipeburst,shehadtheintelligencetoturnoffthewateratthemain.水管裂开时, 她很有头脑,连忙把总水门关上了.nervousadj1ofthenerves(nerve1)神经的:anervousdisorder神经失常thenervoussystemofthehumanbody 人体的神经系统.2~(ofsth/doingsth)fearful;timid害怕的;胆怯的;胆小的:afrail,nervouslittleperson脆弱、胆小的可怜人I'mnervousof(beingin)largecrowds. 我在大庭广众之下感到胆怯.Areyounervousinthedark?你在黑暗处觉得害怕吗?Shegaveanervouslaugh.她胆怯地一笑.3tense;excited;unstable神经紧张的; 神经过敏的;神经质的:fullofnervousenergy精力充沛organized,organisedadj1ordered;orderly;efficient有组织的;有秩序的;效率高的:ahighlyorganizedperson 很有条理的人awell-organizedoffice工作效率高的办事处.2arrangedorprepared有组织的;安排的;有准备的:abadlyorganizedevent组织得不好的事情 organizedcrime有组织的犯罪活动.patientadj~(withsb/sth)havingorshowingpatience有耐性的;忍耐的;容忍的:You'llhavetobepatientwithmymothershe'sgoing ratherdeaf.你对我母亲得有耐心--她的耳朵越来越背了.patientresearch,questioning,listening耐心的研究、询问、听She'sapatient(iepersevering)worker.她工作很有耐心.patiently adv:wait,sit,listenpatiently耐心地等着、坐着、听着.patientn(a)personwhoisreceivingmedicaltreatment,espinahospital （接受治疗的）病人（尤指医院中的）.(b)personwhoisregisteredwithadoctor,dentist,etcandistreatedbyhimwhennecessary（在某医生处注册的）病人（病时由此医生诊治）:IhavebeenapatientofDrSmithfor manyyears.多年来我一生病就请史密斯医生给我看.seriousadj1solemnandthoughtful;notfrivolous严肃的;庄重的;正经的: aseriousperson,mind,appearance严肃的人、心情、外表Herfacewasseriousasshetoldusthebadnews.她告诉我们这个坏消息时脸色很严肃.Heseemsveryserious,butinfacthe hasadelightfulsenseofhumour.他看上去很严肃,其实他十分诙谐.Pleasebeseriousforaminute,thisisveryimportant.请严肃点儿,这事很重要. 2[usuattrib通常作定语](ofbooks,music,etc)intendedtoprovokethought;notmerelyforamusement（指书、音乐等）启发思考的,不仅为消遣的: aseriousessayaboutsocialproblems关于社会问题的发人深省的文章Doyoueverreadseriousworks?你看不看理论性的著作? 3importantbecauseofpossibledangerorrisk;grave严重的（可能有危险或风险的）;重大的:aseriousillness,mistake,accident严重的疾病、错误、事故 aseriousdecisionaboutgivingupasteadyjob要放弃一份稳定工作的重大决定Thatcouldcauseseriousinjury.那可能造成重伤.Theinternationalsituationisextremely serious.国际形势极为严峻.4~(aboutsb/sth)inearnest;sincere认真的;真诚的:aserioussuggestion诚恳的建议Areyoureallyseriousabouthim?ieDoyou havesincereaffectionforhim?你真对他有意吗?（是否真心爱他?）Issheseriousaboutlearningtobeapilot?她真想学开飞机吗?seriouslyadv1inaseriousway 严肃地;庄重地;启发性地;严重地;认真地:speakseriouslytoheraboutit跟她认真地谈谈这件事seriouslyill,injured,etc病得、伤得...很重. 2(idm习语)takesb/sthseriouslyregardsb/sthasimportantandworthtreatingwithrespect认真对待某人[某事物]:Youcan'ttakeherpromisesseriously:sheneverkeepsherword. 她答应的事不必当真,她从来说话不算数.Itakethisthreatveryseriously.我认为这种威胁非同小可.seriousnessn[U]1stateofbeingserious 严肃;庄重;严重;认真:theseriousnessofhisexpression他的表情严肃theseriousnessofthecrisis危机的严重性.shyadj(shyer,shyest)1(a)(ofpeople)timid andnervousinthepresenceofothers;reserved（指人）羞怯的,腼腆的:Hewastooshytospeaktoher.他很怕羞,连话都不敢跟她说.Thechildisn'tatallshywithadults. 这小孩在大人面前一点也不羞怯.(b)(ofbehaviour,etc)showingthatoneistimid,reserved,etc（指行为等）羞怯的,　腆的:ashylook,smile,etc羞怯的表情、微笑等.strictadj(-er,-est) 1demandingtotalobedienceorobservance(ofrules,waysofbehaving,etc);severe;notlenient要求完全服从或遵守的;严厉的;严格的:astrictteacher严师astrictupbringing严格的教养 astrictruleagainstsmoking禁止吸烟的严格规定She'sverystrictwithherchildren.她待子女很严.2(a)clearlyandexactlydefined;precise明确的;严密的;精确的: inthestrictsenseoftheword确如该词之义的thestricttruth确凿的事实astrictunderstanding,interpretation明确的了解、解释.strictlyadv1inastrictmanner; completely严厉地;严格地;严密地;确切地;完全地;绝对地:Smokingisstrictlyprohibited.严禁吸烟.2(idm习语)strictlyspeakingifoneuseswords,appliesrules,etcintheirexactsense 严格说来:Strictlyspeaking,he'snotqualifiedforthejob.严格说来,他没有资格做这份工作.impressionn1~(onsb)deeplastingeffectonthemindorfeelingsofsb 印象;感想:Hisfirstspeechaspresidentmadeastrongimpressiononhisaudience.他当会长后的第一次演讲给听众留下了深刻的印象.createanunfavourableimpression产生不利的影响. 2(espsing尤作单数)~(ofsth/doingsth/that...)(unclearoruncertain)idea,feelingoropinion（不清晰的或不确切的）想法,感觉,看法:Mygeneralimpressionwasthatheseemedapleasantman. 我总的印象是他似乎很和蔼可亲.IhadthedistinctimpressionthatIwasbeingfollowed.我清楚地感觉到有人跟踪我.one'sfirstimpressionsof(ieone'simmediatereactionto)thenewheadmaster 对新校长的初步印象Hegivestheimpressionofbeingahardworker/thatheworkshard,ieItseemsasifheworkshard.他给人的印象是工作很努力.`Ialwaysthoughtyouwereanurse.' `Iwonderhowyougotthatimpression?'｀我一向以为你是护士呢.＇｀不知道你这个想法从何而来?＇3appearanceoreffectofsb/sth某人[某事物]的外貌、影响或作用:Theroom'slighting conveysanimpressionofspaciousness.这个房间的照明给人以宽敞的感觉.avoidv1(a)keeponeselfawayfrom(sb/sth)避开,躲避（某人[某事物]）: avoid(drivingin)thecentreoftown避开市中心（行驶）Ithinkhe'savoidingme.我觉得他躲着我.(b)stop(sth)happening;prevent防止发生（某事物）;预防:Trytoavoid accidents.尽量防止发生事故.Ijustavoidedrunningoverthecat.我差一点儿轧着猫.hatev1(a)feelhatredtowards(sb/sth)憎恨,憎恶（某人[某事物]）: Mycathatesdogs.我的猫与狗极不睦.herhatedrival她所憎恨的对手.(b)stronglydislike(sb/sth)讨厌,厌恶（某人[某事物]）:Ihatefriedfood.我厌恶煎炸食品.Ihatedelays/tobe delayed/beingdelayed.我对耽搁时间很反感.Shehatesanyonelisteningwhenshe'stelephoning.她讨厌别人听着她打电话.(c)(infml口)bereluctant;regret不愿;遗憾: Ihatetotroubleyou.我不愿麻烦你.IwouldhateyoutothinkIdidn'tcare.很遗憾你认为我漠不关心.n(a)[U]strongdislike;hatred憎恨;厌恶:feelhateforsb 对某人感到厌恶alook(full)ofhate（充满）敌意的目光.(b)[C](infml口)hatedpersonorthing所恨的人或事物:Plasticflowersareaparticularhateofmine.塑料花是我特别厌恶的东西. incorrectlyadv:answerincorrectly回答得不正确.completelyadvwholly;totally完整地;完全地;圆满地:completelyinnocent,happy,successful 完全无辜、十分高兴、圆满成功.appreciatev1understandandenjoy(sth);valuehighly理解并欣赏（某事物）;赏识;高度评价:Youcan'tfullyappreciateforeign literatureintranslation.看翻译作品很难欣赏到外国文学的精髓.Ireallyappreciateagoodcupoftea.有好茶一杯,我就真乐在其中了.Yourhelpwasgreatlyappreciated,ieWeweregratefulforit. 非常感谢你的帮助.2understand(sth)withsympathy体恤,体念,体谅（某事物）:Iappreciateyourproblem,butIdon'tthinkIcanhelpyou.我理解你的困难,但却爱莫能助.Iappreciatethatyou mayhavepriorcommitments.我体谅你可能事先已另有承诺.Youdon'tseemtoappreciatehowbusyIam.你似乎不能体念我多么忙.admitv(-tt-) 1~sb/sth(into/tosth)(a)allowsb/sthtoenter许可某人[某物]进入:Thatmanisnottobeadmitted.不准那个人进来.Eachticketadmitstwopeopletotheparty. 每张票可供两人入场参加聚会.Thesmallwindowadmittedverylittlelight.那扇小窗户只能透进一点光线.(b)acceptsbintoahospitalasapatient,orintoaschool,etcasapupil 接受某人（入院或入学等）:Theschooladmitssixtynewboysandgirlseveryyear.这所学校每年招收六十名男女新生.Hewasadmittedtohospitalwithminorburns.他因轻度烧伤而入院.2(ofanenclosed space)haveroomfor(sb/sth)（指一范围内）可容纳（某人[某事物]）:Thetheatreadmitsonly250people.这家戏院只能容纳250人.3~tosth/doingsthrecognizeoracknowledgesthas true,oftenreluctantly;confesssth承认,供认,招认（常为不情愿地）;坦白某事物:Georgewouldneveradmittobeingwrong.乔治从不认错.Theprisonerhasadmittedhisguilt.犯人认罪了. Iadmitmymistake/thatIwaswrong.我承认是我的错[我错了].Iadmit(that)youhaveapoint.我承认你有理.Headmittedhavingstolenthecar.他招认偷了那辆汽车. Itisnowgenerallyadmittedtohavebeen(ieMostpeopleagreeandacceptthatitwas)amistake.如今人们公认这是个错误.scientificadj1(a)[attrib作定语]of,usedinorinvolvedinscience 科学的;用于科学研究的;关于科学的:ascientificdiscovery,instrument,textbook,researcher科学发现、科学仪器、理科教科书、科学研究人员.(b)usingmethodsbasedonthoseofscience 采用科学方法的:scientificfarming科学种田Theyareveryscientificintheirapproach.他们的方法很科学.2having,usingorneedingskillorexpertknowledge具有、 采用或需要技术或专门知识的:ascientificplayer,game有专门技术的选手、需要技巧的游戏.literaturen[U]1(a)writingsthatarevaluedasworksofart,espfiction,dramaandpoetry(ascontrasted withtechnicalbooksandjournalism)文学;文学作品.(b)activityofwritingorstudyingthese文学著述或研究:adegreeinAmericanliterature美国文学学位.(c)writingsofthiskindfromaparticular countryorperiod（某国或某时期的）文学作品:Frenchliterature法国文学18thcentury(English)literature18世纪（英国）文学.2writingsonaparticularsubject某学科的著述或文献: I'vereadalltheavailableliteratureonpoultry-farming.我把现有的家禽饲养方面的资料全都读过了.Thereisnowanextensiveliteratureontheuseofcomputersinthehome. 现在有许多关于家庭计算机的使用资料.loudadj(-er,-est)1producingmuchnoise;easilyheard喧闹的;响亮的:loudvoices,screams,laughs,etc宏亮的嗓音、喊声、笑声等Thatmusic'stooloud; pleaseturnitdown.那音乐太吵人了;请把音量调低些.2(derog贬)(ofcolours,behaviour,etc)forcingpeopletonoticethem/it（指颜色、行为等）引人注目的,刺眼的:Thatdressisabitloud(iegaudy),isn't it?那件连衣裙有点花哨吧?Hismanneristooloud.他那样子太招摇.adv(-er,-est)1(usedespwithtalk,sing,laugh,etc尤与talk、sing、laugh等动词连用)inaloud manner喧闹地;响亮地:laughloudandlong大笑不已SpeaklouderIcan'thearyou.大点声说--我听不见.Theirbabyscreamedloudestofall.他们的孩子哭叫起来声音最大. 2(idm习语)actionsspeaklouderthanwords=>action.whatapersonactuallydoesmeansmorethanwhathesayshewilldo行动胜于语言.loudlyadv:adogbarkingloudly 大声吠叫的狗loudlydressed穿得花哨的.loudnessn[U]loudspeaker(alsospeaker)npartofaradio,record-player,etcthatchangeselectrical impulsesintoaudiblesounds扩音器;扬声器.wavev1(ofafixedobject)moveregularlyandlooselytoandfroorupanddown（指固定的物体）往复或上下摆动或摇动: aflagwavinginthebreeze在微风中飘扬的旗子brancheswavinginthewind随风摇动的树枝afieldofwavingcorn起伏的麦浪.2(a)~(at/tosb)(ofaperson)moveone'shandtoandfroorup anddown,eginordertoattractsb'sattention（指人）挥手,招手,摆手:Hewaved(tous)whenhesawus.他看见我们时（向我们）挥了挥手.Theywavedatusfromacrosstheroom. 他们从房间那一头向我们招手.(b)~sth(atsb);~sthaboutcause(one'shandorsthheldinone'shand)tomoveupanddownortoandfro,eginordertomakeasignalorgiveagreeting 挥动（手或手中物）（如为示意或致意）:waveamagicwand挥动魔杖waveahand,aflag,anumbrella(atsb)（向某人）招手、摇旗子、挥动伞Hecameoutwavingthedocumentatthecrowd.他出来时向人群挥舞着文件. waveone'sarms(about)(intheair)挥舞着双臂Theywavedtoustostaywherewewere.他们向我们挥手,要我们停在原地.(c)~sth(tosb)give(agreeting)(tosb)bywavingone'shand 挥手（向某人）（致意）:Theywavedfarewell.他们挥手告别.wavesbgoodbye/wavegoodbyetosb向某人挥手告别.joken1thingsaid(egastorywithafunny ending)ordonetocauseamusement,laughter,etc笑话;玩笑:tell(sb)ajoke给（某人）讲笑话crackingjokeswithone'sfriends跟朋友说笑话.2[sing]ridiculousperson,thingor situation可笑的人、事物、情形:Hisattemptsatcookingareacompletejoke.他总也做不好饭,这事成了个笑话.playajoke/prank/trickonsbtricksb,inorderto makehimappearridiculous戏弄某人.jokev1~(withsb)(aboutsth)telljokes(tosb)(aboutsth);talkinalight-hearted,frivolousway （以某事）（与某人）开玩笑;说笑话儿:Iwasonlyjoking.我不过是说着玩儿的.ForPattolosehisjobisnothingtojokeabout,ieisaseriousmatter.对帕特来说失业可不是闹着玩儿的.2(idm习语)youmustbe/havegottobe `joking(usedtoexpressmockingdisbelief用以嘲笑不可信的事):`Jackie'spassedherdrivingtest.'`Youmustbejokingshecan'tevensteerstraight!'｀杰基的驾驶测验及格了.＇ ｀你一定是开玩笑--她连方向盘还握不正呢!＇summaryn1briefstatementofthemainpointsofsth总结;摘要;概要:atwo-pagesummaryofagovernmentreport 共两页的政府报告摘要Hereisasummaryofthenews/anewssummary.以下是新闻摘要.2(idm习语)in`summaryasabriefstatementofthemainpoint(s)总的说来;归纳起来:AndsoIwouldsay,in summary,thatthecampaignhasbeenagreatsuccess.因此我认为,总的看来,这场运动成绩很大.respectn1[U]~(forsb/sth)admirationfeltorshownforapersonorthingthathasgood qualitiesorachievements;regard尊敬;敬重;钦敬:amark,token,etcofrespect尊敬的标志、表示等haveadeep,sincere,etcrespectforsb深深地、由衷地...敬重某人Ihavethegreatest respectforyou/holdyouinthegreatestrespect.我非常尊敬您.Thenewofficersoonwon/earnedtherespectofhismen.那新来的军官很快博得了士兵的钦敬.2[U]~(forsb/sth)politenessor considerationarisingfromadmirationorregard尊敬之表示;尊重之情:Childrenshouldshowrespectfortheirteachers.学生要尊敬老师.Outofrespect,hetookoffhishat.他脱帽以示敬意. havesome,little,no,etcrespectforsb'sfeelings相当、不太、毫不...尊重某人的感情With(alldue)respect,sir,Idisagree.先生,恕我直言,我不能同意.3[C]particularaspectordetail方面;着眼点: inthisonerespect在这一点上insome/all/many/several/fewrespects在某些[各个/许多/几个/极少]方面Inwhatrespectdoyouthinkthefilmisbiased? 你认为影片在哪一方面失之偏颇?withrespecttosth(fmlorcommerce文或商)concerningsth涉及、提到或关于某事物:ThisistruewithrespecttoEnglishbutnottoFrench.这一点在英语属实而在法语则不同. Withrespecttoyourenquiry,Iencloseanexplanatoryleaflet.关于你的询问,兹附上有关说明资料.respectsn[pl](fml文)1politegreetings敬意;问候:Give/send/offerhimmyrespects. 代我向他致意.respectv1~sb/sth(forsth)admireorhaveahighopinionofsb/sth(becauseofsth)（因某事物）尊敬或敬重某人[某事物]:Irespectyouforyourhonesty.由于你为人正直, 我对你十分敬重.2showconsiderationfor(sb/sth)重视、考虑或尊重（某人[某事物]）:respectsb'swishes,opinions,feelings,etc尊重某人的意愿、意见、感情等respectthe environment,egbyprotectingit重视环境问题（如保护环境）3~oneselfhaveproperrespectforone'sowncharacterandbehaviour自重;自尊:Ifyoudon'trespectyourself,howcanyou expectotherstorespectyou?自己不自重,又怎能受到别人尊重呢?graden1step,stageordegreeofrank,quality,etc;levelofclassification （官阶、质量等的）等级,品级;阶段;程度:aperson'ssalarygrade,ielevelofpay某人的薪金级别[attrib作定语]high/low-gradecivilservants,milk,pigs,materials 等级高[低]的公务员、奶品、猪、材料GradeApotatoesarethebestinquality.甲等马铃薯是质量最好的.2(a)markgiveninanexaminationorforschoolwork （考试或作业的）分数,评分等级:Pupilswith90%ormoreareawardedGradeA.满90分的学生评为甲等.Shegotexcellentgradesinherexams.她考试成绩优异. (b)levelof(espmusical)skillatwhichapupilistested（学生受测试的）技巧水平（尤指音乐方面）:He'sgotViolinGrade6,iehaspassedatestatthatlevelofskill. 他的小提琴6级考试及格了.3(US)divisionofaschoolbasedontheageofthepupils;pupilsinsuchadivision年级;（按年级划分的）小学生: Mydaughter'sinthethirdgrade.我女儿上小学三年级.v1[esppassive尤用于被动语态:]~sth/sbby/accordingtosth;~sth/sbfromsthtostharrangesth/sbinorderbygradesor classes,ieassessedandmarkedwiththestandardorgradeobtained将某事物[某人]按级分类或分等:Thepotatoesaregradedby/accordingtosize.马铃薯按大小分等级. Eggsaregradedfromsmalltoextra-large.鸡蛋从小的到特大的分成了等级.2(espUS)mark(writtenwork);give(astudent)amark给（书面作业）评分;给（学生）分数: Thetermpapershavebeengraded.期末考卷已评完分数了.Astudentwhogets90%isgradedA.凡得90分的学生列为甲等.headmaster,headmistress nprincipalmanorwomaninaschool,responsiblefororganizingit（中小学的）校长.periodn1lengthorportionoftime一段时间;时期: aperiodofthreeyears三年的时间Hehashadseverallongperiodsofworkabroad.他在国外长期工作过几次.aperiodofpeace,recovery,uncertainty和平、恢复、不稳定时期 showersandsunnyperiods,eginaweatherforecast阵雨间晴（如在天气预报所述）Theworkmustbecompletedwithinatwo-monthperiod.工作须于两月内完成.2(a)portionoftimeinthelifeofaperson, nationorcivilization（人、国家、文明的）时期,时代:apaintingbelongingtotheartist'searlyperiod该画家早期的画theperiodoftheFrenchRevolution法国大革命时期thepost-warperiod 战后时期Thehouseis18thcenturyandhasfurnitureoftheperiod,ieofthesamecentury.那房子是18世纪的,而且还有那时代的家具.Theactorsworecostumesofthe period,ieofthetimewhentheeventsoftheplaytookplace.演员穿着剧中时代的服装.[usuattrib通常作定语]perioddress,furniture,etc某时代的服装、家具等aperiodcottage,ienotmodern 某时代的村舍.(b)(geology地质)portionoftimeinthedevelopmentoftheearth'ssurface纪:theJurassicperiod侏罗纪.3(timeallowedfora)lessoninschool（学校的）课,课时, 学时:ateachingperiodof45minutes45分钟的一堂课afreeperiod没课的一节threeperiodsofgeographyaweek每周三节地理课.revisionn (a)[U]~(forsth)revisingorbeingrevised复查;校订;修正;改正;复习:Ourbudgetneedsdrasticrevision.我们的预算需作重大修改.(Brit)dosomerevisionforthe exam/someexamrevision为准备考试而复习.(b)[C]instanceofthis复查;校订;修正;改正;复习:undergoafinalrevision经最后修订.(c)[C]thingthathasbeenrevised 经修订或改正之物;修订本;修订版:submittherevisionofanovelforpublication送交小说的修订本准备出版.translationn1[U]translating翻译;用简易语言或另一种形式的表达;认为; 解释:errorsintranslation翻译中的错误thetranslationoftheoriesintopractice理论到实践的转变.2[C]thingthatistranslated译作;译文:make/doatranslation做翻译 arough,literal,exact,etctranslation粗率的、逐字的、准确的...翻译theavailabletranslationsofDante现有的但丁译本.timetable(alsoespUSschedule)nlistshowingthetime atwhichcertaineventswilltakeplace时间表;时刻表:aschooltimetable,ieshowingthetimeofeachclass课程表atrain,bus,ferry,etctimetable火车、公共汽车、渡轮等的时刻表 I'vegotaverybusytimetablethisweek,iealotofappointments,etc.我这星期的时间安排很紧.topicnsubjectofadiscussion,talk,programme,written work,etc论题;话题;题目:atopicofconversation交谈的话题Isdrugabuseasuitabletopicforaschooldebate?把滥用麻醉药品问题当作学校辩论的题目是否合适? vacationn1[C](alsorecess,Britinfml英式口语作vac)anyoftheintervalsbetweentermsinuniversitiesandlawcourts（大学的）假期;（法庭的）休庭期:theChristmas,Easter vacation圣诞节、复活节假期thelongvacation,ieinthesummer暑假[attrib作定语]vacationwork大学生的假期工作.2[C](espUS)=holiday1b:takeavacation 休假.3(idm习语)onvacation(espUS)onholiday在度假.revisev1re-examine(sth),espinordertocorrectorimproveit复查（某事物）; （尤指）复核,校订,修正:revisedproposals,estimates,rules,figures修正的提案、估计、规则、数字reviseamanuscriptbeforepublication审校手稿以备出版reviseone'sopinionofsb 改变对某人的看法.2~(sth)(forsth)(Brit)goover(workalreadydone)inpreparationforanexamination复习（功课）:She'srevising(herhistorynotes)forthetest. 她正在复习（历史课笔记）准备测验.disciplinen1[U]resultofsuchtraining;orderedbehaviour,egofschoolchildren,soldiers纪律;风纪:Thesoldiersshowedperfectdiscipline underfire.士兵在枪林弹雨中严守军纪.Thechildrenarehappyattheschool,buttheylackdiscipline.孩子们在学校里很快活,但很散漫.v1train(sb/sth)tobeobedient, self-controlled,skilful,etc训练,训导,管教（某人[某物]）:awell/badlydisciplinedorchestra,footballteam,etc训练有素的[缺乏训练的]管弦乐队、足球队等Parentshaveto disciplinetheirchildren.做父母的须管教子女.Youmustdisciplineyourselftofinishyourworkontime.你必须严格要求自己按时完成任务.2punish(sb)处罚,处分（某人）:Theteacher disciplinedtheclassbygivingthemextrahomework.那教师布置额外的家庭作业来处罚学生.relationshipn1~(betweenAandB);~(ofAto/withB)stateofbeingconnected 关系;关联:thecloserelationshipbetweenindustryandtrade/ofindustrytotrade工业与贸易间的密切关系.2(a)~(betweenAandB);~(ofAtoB) stateofbeingrelatedbybirthormarriage血缘关系;姻亲关系:afather-sonrelationship父子关系.3~(betweenAandB);~(ofAwithB)linksorcontacts;dealings关系;联系;交往: apurelybusinessrelationship纯业务关系Theauthorhadagoodworkingrelationshipwithhiseditor.该作者与编辑之间工作关系很融洽.formal adj1followingacceptedrulesofbehaviour;showingorexpectingcareful,seriousbehaviour,asegonofficialoccasionsorindistant,notclose,relationships正式的;正规的;按规矩的;有礼貌的; 庄重的;文雅的:Shehasaveryformalmanner.她举止端庄.aformaldinner,luncheon,dance,etc正式的晚餐、午餐、舞会等formaldress礼服`Request'isamore formalwayofsaying`askfor'.用request一词比用askfor显得郑重.relaxedadjnotfeelingorshowingworry,anxiety,tenseness,etc 不烦恼的、不焦急的、不紧张的;轻松的:look,feel,seemrelaxed(aboutsth)（对某事物）看起来、感到、似乎很轻松arelaxedsmile轻松的微笑arelaxedstyleofteaching 使人感到轻松的教学方式.similarlyadv1inasimilarway相似地;类似地:Thetwoboysdresssimilarly.两个小男孩穿得差不多一样.2also;likewise 也;同样:ShewaslateandIsimilarlywasdelayed.她迟到了,我也晚了.