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1、法语-A.时态-命令式动词命令式Theimperative,(l'impératifinFrench)isusedtogivecommands,orders,orexpresswishes,like'Stop!','Listen!'Youmayrecognizetheimperativefromcommandssuchas'Ecoutez'or'Répétez'.ItisoneoffourmoodsintheFrenchlanguage.Unliketheothermoods,theimperativeisnotdividedintotenses.Keepinmindthattheim
2、perativeisaverydirectwaytogiveanorder.Itisoftenreplacedwithmorepolitealternativesliketheconditional.1.formation(形式)Therearethreeformsoftheimperative:tu,nousandvous.Forallverbs,theimperativeisformedbytakingthecorrespondingformsofthepresentindicative,butwithoutsubjectpronouns.Thelackofasubjectpron
3、ouniswhatidentifiestheimperativemood.(三种形式:tu,nous和vous,与直陈式现在时对应,无主语代词)finir'tofinish'presentimperativetranslation现在时命令式翻译tufinisfinisfinish(you,familiar)nousfinissonsfinissonslet'sfinishvousfinissezfinissezfinishThetuformisusedtogiveanordertoachildorwhenthespeakerisonfamiliartermswiththeperson
4、addressed.Thevousformisusedtogiveanordertoagroupofpeopleortoaddressonepersoninthevousform.Thenousformisusedtogiveanorderthatinvolvesoneselfaswellasothers,thoughitoftenexpressesasuggestionasitstranslation(Let's...)indicates.Dropthefinalsinthetuformsoftheimperativefor-erverbs,includingaller,and-ir
5、verbslikeouvrirandotherverbswhosepresentindicativeformoftuendsin-es:(-er动词的第二人称形式将-er换成-e,而-ir的ouvrir型动词则以-es结尾)presentimperativetranslation现在时命令式翻译turegardesregardelook(看)tuouvresouvreopen(打开)tuvasvago(去)Whentheseformsarefollowedbythepronounyoren,the-sisreattachedforpronunciationpurposes.Forexa
6、mple:(当代词为y或en时,重新加上-s)Corey:Bette,vaausupermarché!Vas-y!Etachètedel'insecticidepourmoi...Tum'entends?Achètes-enpourmoi!Corey:Bette,gotothesupermarket!Gothere!Andbuysomeinsecticideforme...Doyouhearme?Buysomeforme!Bette:Imbécile,l'insecticideestdangereuxpourlescafards!Paf!Bette:Imbecile,insectici
7、deisdangerousforcockroaches!Pow!Corey:Oh,Bette...aide-moiàmerelever,s'iltepla?t.Corey:Oh,Bette,helpmebackup,please.Bette:Tuesvraimenttropbête.Jem'envais.Bette:Youarereallytoostupid.I'mleaving.2.irregularimperatives(不规则命令式)Th