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1、HopeisHealthy Youareabouttogotothehospitalforaroutinesurgicalprocedure.Whichattitudeishealthier? A."I'dbetterfindouteverythingIcanaboutthisoperation—youcanneverknowtoomuch." B."Don'ttellmethedetails.It'sgoingtobefine." AnswerBissupposedtobethewrongone.It'sanexa
2、mpleofwhatpsychologistscall"denial,"adefencemechanismthatminimizesuncomfortableinformation.Denial,theyhaveargued,isstupid,self-defeatingandultimatelydangerous. ButresearchisshowingthatanswerBisafasterroutetorecovery.Denial—ofacertainsortandatcertaintimes—canbeheal
3、thy.Ofcourse,youdoneedtopayattentiontosomeunpleasantfacts.Thetrickistoknowwhenit'shelpfultoworryandwhenit'scounterproductive. Out-and-outdenialmaybethebestapproachtosurgery,accordingtoRichardS.Lazarus,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.With
4、FrancesCohen,Lazarusstudied61patientsabouttoundergooperations(allrelativelycommonoperations).Ingeneral,patientsfollowedoneoftwomentalstrategies;"avoidance"or"vigilance." Typically,avoidershadnotdiscussedtheirsurgeryindetailwithanyone,didn'twanttoknowaboutitanddidn
5、'tdwelluponitsrisks. Incontrast,vigilanttypeswerealerttoeverydetail.Manysoughtoutarticlesabouttheirdisorders.Theywantedtoknowtherisksofsurgery,therisksifsurgerywasnotperformed,thesurgicalprocedures,thepotentialcomplicationsandthelikelihoodofrecurrence. WhenLazaru
6、sandCohencomparedthetwogroupsaftersurgery,theyfoundthatavoidersgotonmuchbetter.Theyhadalowerincidenceofpostoperativecomplicationssuchasnausea(恶心),headache,feverandinfection.Thenetresult:theyweredischargedsooner. Onereasonmaybethattheirdenialmakeroomforhope,oratlea
7、stforapositiveoutlook,evenunderthegrimmestofconditions."Neverdenythediagnosis,butdodenythenegativeopinionthatmaygowithit,"advisesNormanCousins,authorofAnatomyofanIllnessandTheHealingHeart.Why?Becausegrimwarningsaboutdiseasescomefromstatisticsontheaveragecase.Cousin
8、sbelievesthatmostpatients,givenhopeanddetermination,haveagoodchancetotranscendtheaverages. AddsDr.Hackett:"Deniersseethemachinesthey'rehookedupt
