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1、培根论人生TheEssaysofFrancisBaconByFrancisBacon一论真理OFTRUTHWhatistruth?saidjestingPilate,andwouldnotstayforan善戏谑的彼拉多曾说：“真理是什么呢？”说了之后并且answer.Certainlytherebe,thatdelightingiddiness,andcountit不肯等候回答。世上尽有一般人喜欢把意见变来变去，并abondagetofixabelief;affectingfree-willinthi
2、nking,aswell且认为固定了一种信仰即等于上了一套枷锁；在思想上和asinacting.在行为上他们都一样地要求意志底自由。并且虽然这一流Andthoughthesectsofphilosophersofthatkindbegone,的各派哲学家已成过去，然而仍有些心志游移的说者和他yetthereremaincertaindiscoursingwits,whichareofthesame们同声同气，——虽然这般人比起古人来血气薄弱一点。veins,thoughtherebenotsomuchb
3、loodinthem,aswasinthoseoftheancients.Butitisnotonlythedifficultyandlabor,但是使人们好伪说的原因，不仅是人们找寻真理时的艰难whichmentakeinfindingoutoftruth,noragain,thatwhenitis困苦，亦不是找寻着了真理之后真理所加于人们底思想的found,itimposethuponmen'sthoughts,thatdothbringliesinfavor;butanaturalthoughco
4、rruptlove,ofthelieitself.Oneof约束，而是一种天生的，虽然是恶劣的，对于伪说本身的thelaterschooloftheGrecians,examineththematter,andisata爱好。希腊晚期哲学学派中有人曾研究过这个问题，他不stand,tothinkwhatshouldbeinit,thatmenshouldlovelies;懂得伪说之中有什么东西竟会使人们为伪说底本身而爱whereneithertheymakeforpleasure,aswithpoets
5、,norfor它，因为伪说既不能如诗人之所为，引人入胜；亦不能如advantage,aswiththemerchant;butforthelie'ssake.ButI商人之所为，导人得利。我亦不懂得这是什么缘故：可是cannottell;thissametruth,isanaked,andopenday-light,that“真理”这件东西可说是一种无隐无饰的白昼之光，世间dothnotshowthemasks,andmummeries,andtriumphs,ofthe的那些歌剧、扮演、庆典在这种光之
6、下所显露的，远不如world,halfsostatelyanddaintilyascandle-lights.Truthmay灯烛之光所显露的庄严美丽。真理在世人眼中其价值也许perhapscometothepriceofapearl,thatshowethbestbyday;butitwillnotrisetothepriceofadiamond,orcarbuncle,that等于一颗珍珠，在日光之下看起来最好；但是它决够不上showethbestinvariedlights.Amixtureofa
7、liedotheveradd那在各种不同的光线下显得最美的钻石和红玉底价值。搀pleasure.Dothanymandoubt,thatifthereweretakenoutof上一点伪说的道理总是给人添乐趣的。要是从人们底心中men'sminds,vainopinions,flatteringhopes,falsevaluations,取去了虚妄的自是，自谀的希望，错误的评价，武断的想imaginationsasonewould,andthelike,butitwouldleavethe象，就会使许多
8、人底心变成一种可怜的、缩小的东西，充minds,ofanumberofmen,poorshrunkenthings,fullof满忧郁和疾病，自己看起来也讨厌。对于这一点会有人怀melancholyandindisposition,andunpleasingtothemselves?疑么？早期的耶教著作家中有一位曾经很严厉地把诗叫做Oneofthefathers,ingreatseverity,calledpoesyvinum“魔鬼底酒”，
