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1、Chapter11.Whatisthescopeoflexicology?Howislexicologyrelatedtolexicographyandetymology?2.Whatarediachronicapproach历时性研究andsynchronicapproach共识性研究inlexicologicalstudy?lexicology,abranchoflinguistics,dealswiththenature,history,use,andmeaningofwordsandther
2、elationshipsbetweenelementsofwords.Lexicologymainlycoverstheorigin,development,structure,meaning,andapplicationofwords.Linguistsusuallydefineawordasthesmallestunitofalanguage1.Lexicologyincludesphonetics语音学phonology音韵学semantics语义学etymology词源学lexicograp
3、hy词典学morphology形态学Etymology,whichcanberegardedasasubfieldoflexicology,mainlyfocusesonthestudyoftheoriginandhistoryofwords.Lexicography,anotherrelatedbranchtolexicology,ismainlyconcernedwithinclusionofwordsandthescienceofcompilingdictionaries.Lexicograp
4、hyisabouttheapplicationoflexicology--thescienceofdictionaries.Translation;coalaboundsinthisprovince.Crystalwaterwellsoutofthespring.2.Twomajorapproachesareemployedinlexicologicalstudies;11diachronicapproachandsynchronicapproach.Theyarealsotwoprincipala
5、pproachestothestudyoflanguage.alllanguagesexistinastateofconstantchangeanddevelopment.Inlanguagestudies,linguistsmayinvestigatethehistoryandstagesoflanguagechange(diachronic)inacourseoftime.Itishistoricallexicology.Atthesametime,theycanstudythelanguage
6、use,featuresandvariationwithinacertainstageofitsdevelopment(synchronic).Thenitisdescriptivelexicology.2.Chapter21,whatarethemajorforeigninfluencesuponthedevelopmentoftheEnglishvocabulary?Arethereanyothersourcesofinfluencethatarenotdiscussedinthischapte
7、r?Couldyoufindsomeandaddwithexamples?2,whatfactorsdoyouthinkmightinfluencethedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage?Inyouropinion,whatwillbeEnglishlanguagebelikein50years?TheEnglishvocabularysprangfromthreemajorrootsources;Germanic,Latin,andGreek.Germanictrib
8、es;anglo-Saxons,formAD450to1150;oldEnglishperiod,theycontributedabout50.000verybasicwordsintoday’sEnglish.Latin;RomanOccupation,55BC-AD410.ThestatusofEngland11wasre-enhancedastheLatin-speakingmissionariesbroughtChristianitytoEngland.Gre
