语言学chapter 4 exercises 含答案

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1、Chapter4 FromWordtoTextI.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:1.Grammaticalsentencesareformedfollowingasetofsyntacticrules.2.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,butthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehe

2、nd.3.Anendocentricconstructionisalsoknownasheadedconstructionbecauseithasjustonehead4.Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.5.InEnglishsyntacticanalysis,fourphrasalcategoriesarecommonlyrecognizedanddiscussed,namely,nou

3、nphrase,verbphrase,infinitivephrase,andauxiliaryphrase.6.Numberandgenderarecategoriesofnounandpronoun.7.WordorderplaysanimportantroleintheorganizationofEnglishsentences.8.LikeEnglish,modernChineseisaSVOlanguage.9.  InEnglishthesubjectusuallyprecedestheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyfoll

4、owstheverb.10. Anounphrasemustcontainanoun,butotherelementsareoptional.(1-5TTFTF6-10TTTTT)II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:1As________isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand2.Ac

5、lausethattakesasubjectandafiniteverb,andatthesametimestructurallyaloneisknownasanf__________clause3.Thepartofasentencewhichcomprisesafiniteverboraverbphraseandwhichsayssomethingaboutthesubjectisgrammaticallycalledp_________.4.Ac_________sentencecontainstwo,ormore,clauses,oneofwhichisi

6、ncorporatedintotheother.5.Inthecomplexsentence,theincorporatedorsubordinateclauseisnormallycalledane_______clause.6.Majorlexicalcategoriesareo___categoriesinthesensethatnewwordsareconstantlyadded.7.G_________relationsrefertothestructuralandlogicalfunctionalrelationsbetweeneverynounphr

7、aseandsentence8.Aa__________sentenceconsistsofasingleclausewhichcontainsasubjectandapredicateandstandsaloneasitsownsentence.9.As__________isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.10. As__________maybeanounoranounphrasei

8、nasen