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1、Section4WaterBodyPollution1.Waterbodypollutionandself-purificationDefinitionThedischargeofpollutantsbyhumanactivityintotherivers,lakes,oceansorgroundwateretc,makewaterandwaterofsedimentphysical,chemicalorbiologicalcommunitycompositionchange,soastoreducewaterusevalue,th
2、isphenomenoniscalledwaterbodypollutionPhysicalself-purificationChemicalself-purificationBiologicalself-purificationWaterpurificationisthephenomenonthattheconcentrationofpollutantsinwaterbodyisdecreasedgraduallyduetophysical,chemical,biologicalactionandreturnstopre-cont
3、aminationstatefinally.2.Pollutantsinwaterbody(1)Pathogenic(病原性)pollutantForinstance,Virus,germina,parasiteSchistosomiasis血吸虫病SuperbacteriaMalariaIn1848and1854,tenthousandspeoplediedofcholerabecauseofwaterpollutioninEngland.In1892,750peoplediedofcholerainGermen.CholeraS
4、mallpoxDysenteryHepatitisCharacteristicofpathogenicpollutant：Bigquantitywidedistributinglonglifefastreproductiondrug-fastgoodlife-force(2)OxygenconsumedpollutantCarbohydrate,protein,grease,xylogenSulfuretedhydrogen,ammonia(3)PlantnutrimentNitrogenandphosphorusisfromsew
5、age,fertilizer,waste,trash.Definitionofeutrophication(4)Venomouspollution1)Heavymetal:mercury,cadmium,chromium2)Inorganicion:NO2-,F-,CN-DefinitionSortsToxicpollutantisakindofmaterials,whichenterorganisms,accumulate,affectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalfunctionofthebodyf
6、luidsandtissues,thencausetemporaryorlastingpathologicalstate,evenlife-threatening.Pb,V,Co,Ba3)Organicpesticide,PCB5)Commonorganicsubstances4)Carcinogen：PolycyclicAromaticHydrocarbons,PAH；Heterocycliccompounds；AromaticaminesCommonorganiccompound(5)Crudeoilpollutant(6)Ra
7、dioactivepollutant(7)Acid,baseandsaltinorganicpollutant(8)Heatpollution40K、238U、286Ra、210Po、14C、3H90Sr、137Cs3.Waterpollutioneffectsonhumanhealth(1)Acuteandchronicpoisoning(2) Carcinogenesis(3)Infectiousdiseasesinwatermedium(4)Indirecteffects
