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1、2014年四川大学考博英语入学考试试题考生请注意:1.本试题共5大题,共12页,请考生注意检查,考试时间为180分钟。2.1-70题答案请填写在机读卡相应处,否则不给分。3.翻译和作文请答在答题纸上,答在试题上不给分。书写要求字迹清楚、工整。I.ReadingComprehension(30%;onemarkeach)Directions:Readthefollowingsixpassages.Answerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].Writeyouranswer
2、sontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneIngeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,Nell-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”exper
3、ts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselv
4、esoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionofinterestinglife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderaren
5、olessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceasw
6、ellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagain-bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanon
7、e’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemstheneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyo
8、utgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,abureaucraticallyman