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1、HarvardReferencingSystemGuideMotivationForThisDocumentInacademicwork,youareexpectedtofollowcertainrulesofconductinyourstudy.Specifically,wheneveryoucreateanassignment,essay,presentation,groupproject,orotherworkwhichwillbesubmittedfordiscussionorforevaluation,thenyourworkneedstobeofacad
2、emicstandard.Notdoingsomaycauseyourgradetobereducedsignificantly,perhapseventothepointoffailure.“Academicstandard”isquiteavaguetermandcanbedifferentthingstodifferentpeople.However,forbusinessstudentsyoucanimaginethatyourworkshouldtrytoemulatetheworkofotherpeopleinthefieldofbusiness.Inp
3、articular,thisincludesworkwhichyouseeinprofessionaljournals,theworkofyourprofessorsandthewritersofyourtextbooks.Ofcourse,youarenotexpectedtobeabletoproduceleadingedgecontentinyourwork,buttheformatofyourworkshouldfollowthesameacademicstandardasprofessionalwritersinyourfieldatleastinterm
4、sofstructure,referencing,andlayout.Thisdocumentonlydiscussestheelementsofreferencingwhicharerequiredfor“Academicstandard”work.Otherelementsofyourworksuchasitsstructureandlayoutarealsoimportant,butthesearenotdiscussedhere.Referencingcanbedoneinmanyways.Foryourprogramme,thestandardmethod
5、ofreferencingisthe“HarvardSystemofReferences”.Thissystemisverycommonworld-wide,andisnearlyuniversallyunderstood.Howeverinyourprofessionalcareerorinotherotheracademicprogrammes,youmayberequiredtouseothersystemsofreferencing.Youareresponsibleforbeingawareofthelocalstandardsrequiredinanyw
6、orkwhichyouproduce.Inmostreferencesystems,theideaistoleavethemaintextofyourworkuncluttered,buttostillprovideclearhintstothereaderaboutwheretheycanlookforfurtherinformation.Thus,mostreferencesystemsareactuallyimplementedintwoparts:acitation,andabibliographicentry.Acitationisjustashortha
7、ndmarkerthatyouinsertintothebodyofyourworktoallowthereadertofindaresourcesuchasabookoranarticleoratelevisionprogrammeorwhatever.Theformatforthisisspecifiedbythesystemofreferencingyouareusing.InthecaseoftheHarvardSystem,acitationlookslike“Smith(2002)”.Abibliographicentryprovidesacompl
