《历史学外文翻译》word版

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1、唐山师范学院本科毕业论文外文翻译题目论抗战时期国民党的敌后游击战学生韩为静指导教师闫永增教授学号061100241015年级2006级本科专业历史学系别政史系唐山师范学院政史系2010年5月DeteriorationI939-I945:theMilitaryJohnK.FairbankAfterthefallofWuhanandCantoninlateOctober1938,thecharacterofthewarandconditionsintheNationalistareaschangedprofoundly.Thefightingprogressivelyenteredastale

2、mate.EspeciallyaftertheJapaneseattackonPearlHarboron7December1941,NationalistleadersanticipatedthattheWesternAlliescoulddefeatJapanwithoutthenecessityoffurtherChinesesacrifices.Afterall,theyhadfoughtJapanaloneforfourandahalfyearsalready.TheyconsequentlydevotedlessattentiontocombatingtheJapanesetha

3、ntocontainingtheCommunists,whosegrowingpowerandterritorialcontrolauguredbadlyfornationalunityandstabilityinthepostwarperiod.Mostofall,however,theNationalistgovernmentatChungkingfounditselfcaughtinaseeminglyirreversibleprocessofdeterioration—military,economic,social,andpolitical—thatleftitby1945wea

4、kanddemoralized.WhentheNationalistsdidnotcapitulatefollowingtheirdefeatatWuhaninOctober1938,theJapaneseleadersrealizedthattheyhadmisjudgedtheChinesepowersofresistanceandthattheimperialarmywouldmerelyexhaustitselfifitcontinuedtopursuetheelusivedefendersintothehinterlands.Theythereforeadoptedanewstr

5、ategy,stressingpoliticalmeanstosecurecontrolofChina.First,theywouldconsolidatecontroloftheareasoverrunsinceJuly1937.Theynoweffectivelycontrolledonlysome10percentoftheterritoryinNorthandCentralChina-primarilythemajorcitiesandareasborderingthemajorrailwaysandhighways.Theyneededtoeliminatemanypockets

6、ofresistanceandtoharnesstheproductivecapabilitiesoftheoccupiedareastotheeconomyofthehomeland.Second,theJapanesedeterminedtoweardowntheNationalistsuntiltheycollapsedfrom‘internaldisintegration.TheythussimultaneouslytightenedtheireconomicblockadeoftheNationalistareasandbeganadestructiveairwar.Inthes

7、pringof1939theyseizedNanchanginKiangsi,cuttingtheimportantChekiang-Hunanrailway.InNovembertheylandedanamphibiousforceatPo-hai(Pakhoi)inwesternKwangtung,andadvancedahundredmilestotakeNanning,thecapitalofKwangsi.Th