Transformation Rules between Different Parts of Speech10

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1、TransformationRulesbetweenDifferentPartsofSpeechIntroductionNowthattranslationisalanguageactivity,itsessenceistotransfertheinformationorcontentofthesourcelanguagebytargetlanguage.Soitmaybedefinedasfollows:thereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguagebyequivalentmaterialinanotherlan

2、guage.Itisalsoagreedthateverythinginonelanguageistranslatablebyseekingitsequivalenceinanotherlanguage，nomatterhowgreatthedifferences，ofspace，timeandsocialrelationsbetweenthesetwolanguagesare.ThealsofamousAmericantranslationtheoristEugeneA.Nidaholdsthat“Translationconsistsintherepr

3、oductioninthereceptorlanguageofthemessageofthesourcelanguageinsuchawaythatthereceptorsinthereceptorlanguagemaybeabletounderstandadequatelyhowtheoriginalreceptorofthesourcelanguageunderstoodtheoriginalmessage”.Heinsiststhatanythingexpressedinonelanguagecanneverthelessbeexpressedina

4、notherlanguage;peoplewithdifferentlanguagesfromdifferentculturescansurelycommunicatewitheachother，byseekingequivalence，reorganizingtheformandthesemanticstructureoftheoriginalmessage，inproperways，ofcourse.Allthisshowsusthatthecognitiveabilityofanynationwillnevergetrestrictedowingto

5、its“backward”languagestructure.Thenhowtoseekequivalencebecomesthecoreofthetranslationstudies，bothintheoryandpractice.Manyexcellenttranslationcriticsandworkershavedevotedthemselvestothiscoreproblem，andhaveundoubtedlymadegreatcontributionstothestudyofit.Whilesourcelanguageandtargetl

6、anguageareneverthelesstwodifferentlanguagesintheworld.theyallhavetheiruniqueabilityofformingaword，theiruniquewordorder，theiruniquesignsofdiscourse.Theyhave，atthesametime，differentspeciallanguageformssuchasproverbsandpoems.Differencesbetweentwowidelydifferentlanguages，especiallyirr

7、elevantlanguages，suchasEnglishandChinese，intheirstructures，formsofexpressionsandusagearemoreconspicuous.Whatwecall“equivalence”isbutanabstractconceptandanidealtargettostrivefor，soit23isfarfrombeinganeasyjobtopracticeit.Itisnoteasy，butquiteworthtryingfor.Transformationbetweenpartso

8、fspeechhasbeenstudiedbymanyschola