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1、StudiesonTransferinSecondLanguageAcquisitionAbstract:Transferisapervasivetermandthishasledtodiverseinterpretationsandresearchpracticesofit.Thispaperreviewedtherelatedliteratureontransferstudiesinsecondlanguageacquisition,linguisticstudiesandnon-linguistic.
2、Italsomadeasurveyaboutapproachesintransferstudies,nativespeakers’attitudestowardtransfer,andtransfersmadebyChineselearnersofEnglish.Itwasarguedthattransferresearchevolvedfromalinguistic-to-non-linguisticpath,andthereisanecessityinthecurrenttrendtoshiftfrom
3、theformertothelatter.Keywords:transfer,linguistictransfer,pragmatictransfer,secondlanguageacquisition1.DefiningtransferTransfer,derivedfromtheLatinword“transferre”,means“tocarry”,“tobear”or“toprint,impressorotherwisecopy(asadrawingorengraveddesign)fromones
4、urfacetoanother”(Webster’sThirdNewWorldInternationalDictionary,1986).Sotospeak,whenwesay“technologytransfer”,wemeanthetransferorcarry-overoftechnologyfromoneownertoanother.Transfercanalsomean“thecarry-overorgeneralizationoflearnedresponsesfromonetypeofsitu
5、ationtoanother”,especially“theapplicationinonefieldofstudyoreffortofknowledge,skill,power,orabilityacquiredinanother”(Webster’sThirdNewWorldInternationalDictionary,1986).Theuseof“transfer”in“linguistictransfer”issuchanexample.Bylinguistictransfer,wemeanwha
6、tthelearnerscarryovertoorgeneralizeintheirknowledgeabouttheirnativelanguage(NL)tohelpthemlearntouseatargetlanguage(TL).Heretransferdoesnotindicatewhetherwhatiscarriedoverisbadorgood.Thismeaningfromthedictionaryshowsthattransferisaneutralwordinoriginandnatu
7、re.Linguisticsconcerns,inoverall,withthestaticstructureswithinalanguagesystem.ViewedfromtheTLgrammaticalrules,certainNL-basedlinguistictransfersarefoundtocoincidewithlinguisticerrors.Inthisway,NL-basedlinguistictransfersaredividedintotwobroadtypes,positive
8、andnegative.ThoseNL-basedusesthatdonotleadtolinguisticerrorsarelabeledaspositivetransfer,whereasthosethatleadtoerrors,negativetransfer.Insecondlanguageclassroomteaching,apositivelinguistictransferisgenerallyn
