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1、StudiesonTransferinSecondLanguageAcquisitionAbstract:Transferisapervasivetermandthishasledtodiverseinterpretationsandresearchpracticesofit.Thispaperreviewedtherelatedliteratureontransferstudiesinsecondlanguageacquisition,linguisticstudiesandnon-linguist
2、ic.Italsomadeasurveyaboutapproachesintransferstudies,nativespeakers’attitudestowardtransfer,andtransfersmadebyChineselearnersofEnglish.Itwasarguedthattransferresearchevolvedfromalinguistic-to-non-linguisticpath,andthereisanecessityinthecurrenttrendtoshi
3、ftfromtheformertothelatter.Keywords:transfer,linguistictransfer,pragmatictransfer,secondlanguageacquisition1.DefiningtransferTransfer,derivedfromtheLatinword“transferre”,means“tocarry”,“tobear”or“toprint,impressorotherwisecopy(asadrawingorengraveddesign
4、)fromonesurfacetoanother”(Webster’sThirdNewWorldInternationalDictionary,1986).Sotospeak,whenwesay“technologytransfer”,wemeanthetransferorcarry-overoftechnologyfromoneownertoanother.Transfercanalsomean“thecarry-overorgeneralizationoflearnedresponsesfromo
5、netypeofsituationtoanother”,especially“theapplicationinonefieldofstudyoreffortofknowledge,skill,power,orabilityacquiredinanother”(Webster’sThirdNewWorldInternationalDictionary,1986).Theuseof“transfer”in“linguistictransfer”issuchanexample.Bylinguistictra
6、nsfer,wemeanwhatthelearnerscarryovertoorgeneralizeintheirknowledgeabouttheirnativelanguage(NL)tohelpthemlearntouseatargetlanguage(TL).Heretransferdoesnotindicatewhetherwhatiscarriedoverisbadorgood.Thismeaningfromthedictionaryshowsthattransferisaneutralw
7、ordinoriginandnature.Linguisticsconcerns,inoverall,withthestaticstructureswithinalanguagesystem.ViewedfromtheTLgrammaticalrules,certainNL-basedlinguistictransfersarefoundtocoincidewithlinguisticerrors.Inthisway,NL-basedlinguistictransfersaredividedintot
8、wobroadtypes,positiveandnegative.ThoseNL-basedusesthatdonotleadtolinguisticerrorsarelabeledaspositivetransfer,whereasthosethatleadtoerrors,negativetransfer.Insecondlanguageclassroomteaching,apositivelinguistictransferisgenerallyn
