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时间:2018-11-07
《交通工程专业外文翻译外文文献英文文献》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、土木工程学院交通工程专业中英文翻译RoadDesign专业:交通工程英文原文TheBasicsofaGoodRoadWehaveknownhowtobuildgoodroadsforalongtime.ArchaeologistshavefoundancientEgyptianroadsthatcarriedblockstothepyramidsin4600BCE.Later,theRomansbuiltanextensiveroadsystem,usingthesameprinciplesweusetoday.Someoftheseroadsarestillin
2、service.Ifyoufollowthebasicconceptsofroadbuilding,youwillcreatearoadthatwilllast.Thetencommandmentsofagoodroadare:(1)Getwaterawayfromtheroad(2)Buildonafirmfoundation(3)Usethebestmaterials(4)Compactalllayersproperly(5)Designfortrafficloadsandvolumes(6)Designformaintenance(7)Paveonlywhe
3、nready(8)Buildfromthebottomup(9)Protectyourinvestment(10)Keepgoodrecords1.GetwaterawayfromtheroadWecan’toveremphasizetheimportanceofgooddrainage.Engineersestimatethatatleast90%ofaroad’sproblemscanberelatedtoexcesswaterortopoorwaterdrainage.Toomuchwaterinanylayerofaroad’sstructurecanwe
4、akenthatlayer,leadingtofailure.Inthesurfacelayer,watercancausecracksandpotholes.Inlowerlayersitunderminessupport,causingcracksandpotholes.Acommonsignofwaterinanasphaltroadsurfaceisalligatorcracking—aninterconnectedpatternofcracksformingsmallirregularshapedpiecesthatlooklikealligatorsk
5、in.Edgecracking,frostheaves,andspringbreakupofpavementsalsopointtomoistureproblems.Topreventtheseproblemsrememberthatwater:•flowsdownhill•needstoflowsomeplace•isaproblemifitisnotflowingEffectivedrainagesystemsdivert,drainanddisposeofwater.Todothistheyuseinterceptorditchesandslopes,roa
6、dcrowns,andditchandculvertsystems.Divert—Interceptorditches,locatedbetweentheroadandhighergroundalongtheroad,keepthewaterfromreachingtheroadway.Theseditchesmustslopesotheycarrywaterawayfromtheroad.Drain—Creatingacrownintheroadsoitishigheralongthecenterlinethanattheedgesencourageswater
7、toflowofftheroad.Typicallyapavedcrownshouldbe14"higherthantheshoulderforeachfootofwidthfromthecenterlinetotheedge.Forgravelsurfacesthecrownshouldbe12"higherperfootofwidth.Forthisflowpathtowork,theroadsurfacemustberelativelywatertight.Roadshouldersalsomustbeslopedawayfromtheroadtoconti
8、nueca
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