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1、外文文献翻译译文一、外文原文原文：RiskManagementThischapterreviewsanddiscussesthebasicissuesandprinciplesofriskmanagement,including:riskacceptability(tolerability);riskreductionandtheALARPprinciple;cautionaryandprecautionaryprinciples.Andpresentsacasestudyshowingtheimportanceoftheseissu
2、esandprinciplesinapracticalmanagementcontext.Beforewetakeacloserlook,letusbrieflyaddresssomebasicfeaturesofriskmanagement.Thepurposeofriskmanagementistoensurethatadequatemeasuresaretakentoprotectpeople,theenvironment,andassetsfrompossibleharmfulconsequencesoftheactiviti
3、esbeingundertaken,aswellastobalancedifferentconcerns,inparticularrisksandcosts.Riskmanagementincludesmeasuresbothtoavoidthehazardsandtoreducetheirpotentialharm.Traditionally,inindustriessuchasnuclear,oil,andgas,riskmanagementwasbasedonaprescriptiveregulatingregime,inwhi
4、chdetailedrequirementsweresetwithregardtothedesignandoperationofthearrangements.Thisregimehasgraduallybeenreplacedbyamoregoal-orientedregime,puttingemphasisonwhattoachieveratherthanonthemeansofachievingit.Riskmanagementisanintegralaspectofagoal-orientedregime.Itisacknow
5、ledgedthatriskcannotbeeliminatedbutmustbemanaged.Thereisnowadaysanenormousdriveandenthusiasminvariousindustriesandinsocietyasawholetoimplementriskmanagementinorganizations.Therearehighexpectationsthatriskmanagementistheproperframeworkthroughwhichtoachievehighlevelsofper
6、formance.Riskmanagementinvolvesachievinganappropriatebalancebetweenrealizingopportunitiesforgainandminimizinglosses.Itisanintegralpartofgoodmanagementpracticeandanessentialelementofgoodcorporategovernance.Itisaniterativeprocessconsistingofstepsthat,whenundertakeninseque
7、nce,canleadtoacontinuousimprovementindecision-makingandfacilitateacontinuousimprovementinperformance.Tosupportdecision-makingregardingdesignandoperation,riskanalysesarecarriedout.Theyincludetheidentificationofhazardsandthreats,causeanalyses,consequenceanalyses,andriskde
8、scriptions.Theresultsarethenevaluated.Thetotalityoftheanalysesandtheevaluationsarereferredtoasriskassessments.
