27037本科自考英语语言学概论精心整理-chapter-one---language

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1、EnglishLinguistics:AnIntroduction英语语言学概论(王永强支永碧)ChapterOnelanguage•1Whatislanguage?•2Whatarethefeaturesoflanguage?•3Whatarethefunctionsoflanguage?Thedefinitionoflanguage•Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.语言是用于人类交际的任意性的发音的符号系统。•First，lan

2、guageisasystem:sound,words,rules,meaningsElementsoflanguagearecombinedaccordingtorules.Everylanguagecontainsasetofrules.Bysystem，wemeantherecurringpatternsorarrangementortheparticularwaysordesignsinwhichalanguageoperates.Thesoundsandthewordswhichformsentencesareusedin

3、fixedpatternsthatspeakersofalanguagecanunderstandeachother.Itisbecauseeverylanguagehasitssystemthatitconveysthesamemeaningtoitsspeakers.语言的元素组合根据规则。每一种语言包含一组规则。通过系统中,即我们所指的语言运用中反复出现的模式或安排或特定的方式或识别。组成句子的声音和单词是用于固定模式,某种语言的人可以相互理解。也就是说因为每一种语言都有其系统,它传达了使用者的相同含义。•Arbitrary

4、(任意的):nologicalorintrinsicconnection（无逻辑的固有的联系）;homophone(同形异义词see/sea,to/too),synonym(同义词,beautiful,pretty)•Symbol:wordsaresymbolsfixedbyconvention,Lgisconventional（单词是按惯例固定的符号，语言是约定俗成的）;“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”byShakespeare.•Vocal(声音的):speech/writing:L

5、gisprimarilyvocal,secondlywriting:thefactthatchildrenacquirespokenlanguagebeforetheyareabletoreadorwrite.儿童在读写前先学会讲话。•Human:Lgispossessedonlybyhumanbeings.systemsofanimalcommunicationcanonlyindicatesimplethingssuchassourceoffoodandexpresssimpleemotionssuchangerorhappi

6、ness，buthumanlanguagecanexpressverycomplexideassuchastheorydevisingandhypothesismaking.语言只有人类具有，动物的交流体系只能表示简单事物和情感，但是人类语言可以表达非常复杂的想法比如理论发明和做假设。•Communication:languageisauniquesystemofcommunication.itisthecementofsociety.Itallowspeopletolive，workandplaytogether，totellt

7、hetruthortotelllies.语言是一种独特的交流系统，是社会的巩固。它可以….1.2DesignfeaturesofhumanLg（识别性特征）Designfeaturesreferto以下都省略这个词thedefiningpropertiesofhumanlgthatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication.识别性特征是人类语言区别于任何动物的语言系统的定义特征1ProductivityorCreativity(能产性,创造性):theabilitythatpeo

8、plehaveinmakingandunderstandingindefinitelylargenumberofsentencesintheirnativelg,includingsentencestheyhaveneverheardbefore.