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1、附录Ⅱ英文翻译:BEAMBRIDGEIndesigningabridge,preferenceisoftengiventobeamstructure,unlessithasaverylongspan.Simpleinstructure,convenienttofabricateanderect,easytomaintain,andwithlessconstructiontimeandlowcost,beamstructurehasfoundwideapplicationinbridgework.In1937,ov
2、ertheQiantangRiver,inthecityofHangzhou,waserectedarailway-highwaybi-purposebridge,withatotallengthof1453m,thelongestspanbeing67m.Whencompleted,itwasaremarkablemilestoneofthebeambridgesdesignedandbuiltbyChineseengineersthemselvesbeforeliberation.Since1949,this
3、kindofbridgehasmadegiantstrides.Reinforcedconcretebeamstructureisthemostcommonlyusedforshort-andmedium-spanbridges.ArepresentativemasterpieceistheRongJiangBridgecompletedin1964inthecityofNanning,theprovincialcapitalofGuangxiZhuangzuAutonomousRegion.Thebridge,
4、withamainspanof55manditscrosssectionofathin-walledboxwithcontinuouscells,wasdesignedinaccordancewithclosedthin-walledmembertheory,thefirstofitskindinChina.Pre-stressedconcretegirderbridgescoverawiderangeofspansandtypes.Intheshortspanrange,pre-castAASHTObeamsw
5、ithacompositecast-in-placenonpre-stressedconcreteslabarefrequentlyusedforsimplespans.AsimilarformofconstructionisusedforpartiallycontinuousspansusingI-girdersandboxgirderinthemediumspanrange.Inthemediumtolongspanrange,continuouspre-castsegmentalboxgirdersarec
6、ommon,whilethelongestspansaregenerallycast-in-placesegmentalboxgirders.Forcost-in-placeconstruction,thegirdersandslabaregenerallyformedtogetherandbothcastbeforeformworkandsupportsareremoved.Thisconstructionisfullycompositefordeadloadandliveload.Theusualcrosss
7、ectionsareT-beamsandboxgirders.Spansareusuallycontinuous,andtransversepost-tensioningoftheslabisfrequentlyprescribedtoallowtheuseofthinnerslabsorareducednumberoflongitudinalgirdersatalargerspacing.Sincelongitudinalpost-tensioningisrequiredonsite,transversepos
8、t-tensioningisusuallyeconomicalandnormallyused.Thedesignandanalysisitemsgivenforreinforcedconcretegirderbridgesalsoapplytopre-stressedgirderbridges.Fortheboxgirdersection,adetailedtransve
