耕作学croppingsystem

《耕作学croppingsystem》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、耕作学CroppingSystem教-学方法互动、参与式研究型不要死学、学死，要掌握实质，灵活运用。要求预习授鱼-教渔协调，教-学双方配合建立学习小组第一课有关的基本概念Severalrelatedconcepts；农作制度的功能Roleoffarmingsystems；中国农作制度的特点FeaturesoffarmingsystemsinChina。基本概念SeveralconceptsThefarmingsystemisdefinedas:Auniqueandreasonablystablearrangementoffarmingente

2、rprisesthatthehouseholdmanagesaccordingtowell-definedpracticesinresponsetophysical,biologicalandsocio-economicenvironmentsandinaccordancewiththehousehold’sgoals,preferencesandresources.Thesefactorscombinetoinfluencetheoutputandproductionmethods.”(Shaner(1982)inMerrill-Sands

3、,1986)是农户按照其基于物理、生物和社会-经济环境而精心设计的生产措施，与其目的、优先选择和资源状况协调一致的对农业生产的独特的、相对稳定的安排。Farmingsystem农作制度TransitoryAgriculturalSystems:Nomadicpastoralism游牧;ShiftingCultivation遊墾SettledAgriculture:農耕ArableSystems;畜牧PastoralSystems;大田農耕PlantationAgriculture;小農農耕Farm-Houshold(Small-farm)Ag

4、riculture;農漁牧混合制度MixedFarmingSystems;UrbanAgriculture都會農耕(包括市民農園、屋頂菜園等)農業生產制度(AgriculturalSystem)Afarmingsystemismorethanjusttheproductionofcropsandrearingofanimals.Itincludesotherresources,theactivitiesandinputsofallmembersofthehousehold.Therefore,farmingsystemsanalysismus

5、thelpsusunderstandhowruralhouseholdsusealltheirnaturalresourcestomakealiving.Farmingsystemsanalysisincludescollectingfuelwood,buildingmaterialsandotherbiologicalproducts,e.g.traditionalmedicine.Italsoincludesnon-farmactivitieslikebasketweavingorbrickmaking,andoff-farmactivi

6、tieslikewoodcollectingandlabouring.Inthepast,theinteractionsbetweenfarmenterprises,andbetweenon-farmandoff-farmactivitieswereignored.Farmingsystemsanalysislooksat:allenterprises,allspeciesculturedorcapturedandallagroecologicalnichesutilizedbythehouseholdregardlessofresource

7、accessregime.Indoingthisitrecognisesthatfarmhouseholdsdoalotmorethangrowcropsandtendanimals!UnderstandcomplexityofsmallholderfarmingEnterpriseFocus,Interestinincreasingfoodsuppliesthroughimprovingtheproductivityofcropsandanimalsresultedinafocusonparticularenterprises.Althou

8、ghscientistsusedasystemsperspective,theyfocusedonapredeterminedenterprise.Differen