石油出国人员必备英语第12章井控

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1、chokemanifold节流管了匚poorboydegaser油气水分离器remotecontrol远控台Mil压井driller'smethod司钻法IBOP内防喷器checkvalve单流阀safetyvalve安全阀HCR液动放喷阀kellycock方钻杆旋塞casingpressure套管压力standpipepressure立管压力leak-offtest地破试验第十二章井控一.常用单词和短语pressurecontrol圧力控制pressuregradient压力梯度normalformationpressure正常地层压力abnor

2、malformationpressure界常地层压力kick井涌blowout井喷blowoutpreventer(BOP)防喷器annularBOP环形防喷器upperpiperamsBOP上半封防喷器lowerpiperamsBOP下半封防喷器blindramsBOP全封防喷器accumulator储能器killline压井管线二•阅读练习1.地破试验1)Leak-offtest地破试验Atesttodeterminethemaximumpressureintegrityofexposedformationsatthecasingshoe.确定

3、套管鞋处裸眼地层最人破裂压力的试验。Theprocedureisasfollows:程序如l下：1.Drill10to20ftbelowthecasingsealandcirculatetheholeclean.套管以下钻进10到20英尺，循环井眼干净。2.Closethewellinandpumpatalowrate(0.2to0.4bbl/min).Note:Lowpumpratesareusedtoavoidfracturingtheformation.^井并以低泵速(0.2到0.4桶/分)。注：低泵速是为了避免压破地层。3.Asthemud

4、ispumped,aplotofthesurfacepressureversusmudvolumeshouldbemaintained(seeFigure着泥浆的泵入，地面压力与泥浆量的保持一定的关系(见图)。4.Thepointatwhichthepressurefailstoincreaseproportionatelywiththevolumepumpedisconsideredtheleak-offpoint.Recordthesurfacepressureatthispoint.随着浆量的泵入，压力不再成比例增长的点就是破裂点。记录这一点

5、的地面压力。1.Normallythetestissuspendedatthispoint,becauseifpumpingcontinues,theformationwillfracture.通常这时暂停试验，因为如果继续泵入，地层将会破裂。2.Oncethesurfacepressureatwhichleak-offoccurshasbeenestablished,thefracturemudweight(Fmw)canbedeterminedbythefollowingcirculations:一旦建立起破裂吋的压力，破裂泥浆重量尸甸可以通过

6、下式汁算：Fracturemudweight破裂泥浆重量(Ib/gal)磅/加仑ps=MWi+0.052*7VD图121Figure12-1showsbothanexampleofasuccessfulleak-off怕standonewhichindicatesabadcementjob.图是成功地破试验和不合格固井质量的例子。(_sd)alnssEd2）Example:举例压力与冲数（排量）的关系分别见表12-1和图12-2LEAKOFFTESTSHA-1沙井地破试验@745m在745米表strokes冲数pressure压力psi00DEPT

7、H井深=745m2050SPP立管压力=730psi,25100MudWeight泥浆重量=1280kg/m330225LOT=5.744993ZZSPP(psi)/0.052*Depth(m)*3.28*8.3333340破裂压力0.68967kg/l38510=kg/l=MW+kg/l42610=EMW当塑泥浆重量46720EMW=1.96967kg/l16.41ppg517511970kg/m357765SurfacePressure=MW(ppg)*0.052psi/ft60730地面压力66.56psi/ft6067060666press

8、ure压丿jpsi—♦—pressure压力psi3）最大允许关井压力表12・2是一个具体计算的例子：MAXIMUMALL