拥有学习能力的机器人.doc

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1、拥有学习能力的机器人　　January17,201406:26pmETYourRobotHelperisOnTheWayNowItCanLearnFromItsFriends　　　　I’llberightwithyousir,justafterIputthiscupaway.Thisisacup,right?Credit:garrettc.Viewfullsizeimage　　ThisarTIclewasoriginallypublishedatTheConversaTIon.ThepublicaTIoncontributedthearTIcletoLiveScience’sExpertV

2、oices:Op-Ed&Insights.　　Januaryisatimewhenmanyofusseektobetterourselves.Wewanttolearnanewskillorimproveanexistingone.Anetworkdesignedespeciallyforrobots,RoboEarth,isbeingtestedintheNetherlandstohelpthemwiththeirattemptsatself-improvement.Soonourmechanicalfriendswillbeabletoswaptipsonhowtobestcarefo

3、rusandlearnabouttheirworlds.　　AsdemonstratedbyGoogle’srecentpurchaseofroboticscompaniesandAmazon’sautomatedwarehouses,intelligent,autonomousservicerobotsarestartingtolookcommerciallyviable.　　Servicerobotsaremachineswhichcanperformtaskswithorforhumansinnormalenvironments(ratherthanincontrolledfacto

4、rysettings).Intelligent,autonomousservicerobotshavesomefreedomabouthowtheycompletetasksandneedtomakedecisionsabouthowtoactbasedonwhattheyknowandcansense.　　Therearerobotsthatcanmakesandwiches,findobjectsinyourhome,doyourwashingandevenassembleIkeafurniture.　　Easyonthemayo,please.Sandwich-makingrobot

5、s　　Learningfromscratcheverytime　　Whenbuildingsystemssuchasthese,oneofthemajorbottlenecksisprovidingtherobotwiththeknowledgeabouttheworlditneedsinordertoperformitstask.Thisknowledgeisusuallycentredaroundtheobjectsinvolvedinatask:whattheylooklike,howtheycanbepickeduporwheretheycanbefound.Knowledgeab

6、outspace(mapsofbuildingsandrooms)andaction(howtochangetheworldtoachieveaparticularend)isusuallyessentialtoo.　　Butrobotshavenobuilt-inknowledgeaboutthesekindsofthings.Everythingtheyneedtoknowmustbeengineeredintotheirsoftwaresomehow,suchasbyusingmachinelearningtechniquesthenconnectingtheresultsofthi

7、strainingtosymbolswithintherobot’ssoftwaretoallowittorefertothethingsintheworld.　　Thisknowledgeengineeringtypicallytakesahugeamountoftimeforevenasimpletaskandisusuallylimitedinthattherobotonlyendsupknowingaboutex