应急避难场所适宜性评价与布局优化研究——以石家庄市区为例

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1、口规模，分析了研究区灾时避难需求情况：研究区内灾时需要临时避难的人口规模是270万人；发生设防烈度内地震时避难需求人口是19．5652万人；发生超出设防烈度地震时中长期避难需求人口是115．15万人。(4)运用Voronoi图对主要救援服务设施公安机关、消防据点和医疗机构进行了责任区划分。(5)考虑到重大危险源在灾时易发生次生灾害，运用缓冲区分析对重大危险源波及范围，得出应急避难场所布局优化避让范围。(6)研究区布局优化方案将应急避难场所分为紧急避难场所、固定避难场所和中心避难场所三类。布局应急避难场所共计154处，其中紧急避难场所102处(裕华21区处，桥东区10处，长安区18处

2、，新华区26处，桥西区24处)，固定避难场所45处(裕华13区处，桥东区5处，长安区7处，新华区6处，桥西区15处)中心避难场所7处(裕西公园、世纪公园、和平公园、水上公园、长安公园、裕彤体育馆和民心广场)。(7)运用网络分析法对优化布局后应急避难场所服务人口数量和服务区范围进行分析，结果显示布局后应急避难场所服务人口基本满足研究区内人口避难需求，服务范围基本覆盖居住区分布范围。关键词：石家庄市应急避难场所熵值权重灰色关联分析优化布局V万方数据AbstractSincethe21stcentury,ourcountryhasenteredarapiddevelopmentstage

3、ofurbanization．WiththeacceleratedprocessofUrbanization，urbaneconomicandlifearemoreconcentrated．Inrecentyears，earthquakes，fires，explosions，accidents，publicsafetyandotheremergenciesoccurredfrequently,andthecityisaregionalcenterofpopulation，economy,andcultural，whenthedisasteroccurs，whichwillbeahu

4、geandfragilecarrier．Howtorespondtopublicemergencies，andimprovetheabilityofthecitytodealwithunexpectedevents，maximizethereduce，avoidtheharmandlosscausedbyunexpectedeventsandstabilizethecitydevelopmentsituation，werethedutyofalllevelsofgovernmenttofulfillthesocialmanagementandpublicservice．Atthes

5、ametime，italsoputsforwardhigherrequirementsforthegovernmenttostrengthentheemergencymanagementworkatalllevels．Emergencyshelterisanimportantplacetoprovideasaferefugeandpostdisasterresettlementtotheaffectedpeopleindisaster,whichisalsothemaincontentofcitydisasterpreventionandmitigation．Theoccurren

6、ceofmanydisastersatdomesticandabroadshowsthaturbanemergencysheltercanaccommodatealargenumberofresidentstakerefugewhendisasteroccurs，anditisconducivetotheevacuationandrescuedepartmentstofocusontherescue，alsoCangreatlyreducethelossofdisaster．Therefore，howtoscientificallyandrationallylayoutandcon

7、structionofurbanemergencyshelter,improveurbandisasterpreventioncapacity,andperfectthesystemofdisasterpreventionandmitigation，havealwaysbeenthefocusofattentionofthegovernmentandsociety．Suitabilityevaluationofestablishedemergencyshelters，