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1、高一英语暑假专题(七)一.本周教学内容：暑假专题（七）被动语态二.重、难点讲解1.语态的含义语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。主动语态侧重于行为者，被动语态侧重于动作对象或动作本身。以下情况常用被动语态：1）不知道谁是动作的执行者；2）没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；3）为了强调动作的承受者。不及物动词不能用于被动语态。2.被动语态的构成助动词be+及物动词的过去分词如果同时要强调动作的执行者，可以用介词by引导的
2、短语表示。e.g.Thatfamousnovelwaspublishedin1996.Thisriverispollutedbythefactory.3.语态的时态被动语态的时态变化只变化be的形式。高中阶段学习的被动语态的动词形式如下：1）一般过去时：was/were+过去分词Thewindowwasbrokenbymyson.Howmuchmoneywasstoleninall?Onmybirthday,Iwasgivenapresentbymyuncle.ItwastoldthathehadgoneabroadtostudyEng
3、lish.2）一般将来时：will+be+过去分词Thenewlibrarywillbecompletedattheendofthisyear.Theclassroomwillbecleanedsoon.Howmanytreeswillbeplantednextyear?HewillbecaughtupwithbyLiPingifhedoesn’trunfaster.3）现在进行时：is/are+being+过去分词Look!Somanyoldwallsarebeingknockeddown.Thebabiesarebeingtaken
4、goodcareofbythisnurse.Themostimportantquestionisbeingdiscussed.4）过去进行时：was/were+being+过去分词WhenIwashereafewmonthsago,theaudio-visualaidswerebeinginstalled.几个月前我在这里的时候，视听教具正在安装。WastheTVsetbeingfixedthistimeyesterday?昨天这个时候，这台电视机正在被修吗？WhenwewenttoBeijinglastmonth,manyfamous
5、buildingswerebeingrepaired5）现在完成时：have/has+been+过去分词Thetraffichasbeengreatlyaffectedbecauseoftherepairs.由于修路交通已受到极大影响。Thebookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Havethenewcomputersbeentestedyet?练习：TheywillhavecompletedallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympicsbytheendofnext
6、month.被动句：Johnhascarriedouttheplan.（改为一般疑问句并用被动语态）6）过去完成时：had+been+过去分词Hesaidhehadbeengivenagoodchancetogoabroad.By1990,100schoolshadbeensetup.练习：It’ssaidthatthisbook____________________(translate)intoseverallanguages.7）带有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词Allthecurrentmagazinesought
7、tobereadinsidethereadingroom.所有的报刊杂志都应在阅览室里阅读。Thedoorshouldbelockedbeforeleavingtheroom.Theroommustbekeptclean.4.get+过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。Shegotmarriedlastweek.Thepatientgottreatedonceaweek.那位病人一周得到一次治疗。Hefelloffthecarandgotkilled.Theboygothurtonhiswayhomefromwork.5.主动形式表
8、被动意义1）系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+形容词/名词构成系
