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1、定语从句Ⅰ.定语从句的特点定语从句修饰前面的名词或代词，它由“关系代词或副词＋从句”构成，它所修饰的名词或代词称作先行词。定语从句通常置于先行词之后。例如：Mybrotherworksinthefactorywhichisnotfarfromyourhouse.注意：关系代词或副词在定语从句中，一定充当一个成分。Ⅱ.用于限定性定语从句的关系代词who,whom,which,that,whose等关系代词在定语从句中所指对象是人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语、介词宾语或定语。它们的形式变化如下：指代对象人事物人+事物主格who/thatwhich/thatthat宾格
2、who(m)/thatwhich/thatthat所有格whosewhose/ofwhichⅢ.who,whom,that代表人A.who,that作主格，不能省略。例如：Themanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingthismorningisafamouslawyer.作主格时，who较that更常用。B.who,whom,that,作动词的宾语。口语中常用who或that代替whom。经常可以省略。例如：Thegirlwho(m)/thatyousawjustnowisJane.ThegirlyousawjustnowisJane.C.当先行
3、词是all,nobody,noone,somebody,someone,anybody等词或者名词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，指人时who和that都可以用。例如：Allwho/thatheardthenewswereexcited.D.介词+whom引导定语从句时，whom不能由who或that代替,也不能省略。例如：Idon’tknowthepersontowhomyoutalked.但在口语中，通常把介词放在从句后面。此时，可以用who或that代替whom;经常省略关系代词。例如：Idon’tknowtheman(who/that)youtalkedt
4、o.Thehero(who/that)youoftenhearofwillcometoourschooltomorrow.Ⅳ.which,that代表事物A.which,that作主格。不能省略。例如：Thisisthebookwhich/thatwaswrittenineasyEnglishbyourEnglishteacher.A.which/that作动词的宾语可以省略。例如：Thepicture(which/that)hedrewinthe1980sareonshow.B.介词＋which＋从句1)此结构中，which不能用that代替，也不能省略。但是
5、口语中，当介词放在从句后面时，可that代替which，也可省略。如：Thechaironwhichsheissittingismadeofplastics.Thechair(which/that)sheissittingonismadeofplastics.2)可用when代替表示时间的at/inwhich:I’llalwaysrememberthedayonwhich/whenIvisitedProfessorWang.3)可用where代替表示地点的at/inwhich:Ihaven’teverbeentothehouseinwhich/wheremyun
6、clelives.4)可用why表示原因的forwhich:Thereasonforwhich/whyherefusedtogothepartywasthattheyhadnotinvitedhimto.C.当先行词是all,much,little,everything,none或是由no构成的词组时，通常用that,很少用which。例如：Alltheorangesthatshebroughtmewereeatenbymylittlebrother.Ⅴ.whose用作所有格A.whose指人，表示所修饰的“某（些）人的”：Idon’twanttohirethe
7、boywhosefatherisnowinprison.OncetherewasawisekingwhosenamewasAlfred.B.whose也指事物，表示所修饰的“某物的”：Lookatthehousewhoseroofisred.用于这中场合的“whose＋从句”结构常可以用“…ofwhich+从句”或“ofwhich…＋从句”或“with＋短语”代替。例如：Lookatthehouse,theroofofwhichisred.Lookatthehouse,ofwhichtheroofisred.Lookatthehousewitharedroof.
8、Ⅵ.通常只用who代表人
