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1、胡壮麟《语言学教程》课后题terms答案http://shop35113278.taobao.com小七外语馆kominisan整理1. designfeatures:refertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethattellthedifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanysystemofanimalcommunication.Theyarefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguages,suchasarbitrarine
2、ss,duality,creativity,displacement,culturaltransmission,etc.2. function:theuseoflanguagetocommunicate,tothink,etc.Languagefunctionsincludeinformativefunction,interpersonalfunction,performativefunction,emotivefunction,phaticcommunion,recreationalfunctionandmetali
3、ngualfunction.3. etic:atermincontrastwithemicwhichoriginatesfromAmericanlinguistPike’sdistinctionofphoneticsandphonemics.Beingeticmeansmakingfartoomany,aswellasbehaviorallyinconsequential,differentiations,justaswasoftenthecasewithphoneticvs.phonemicanalysisinlin
4、guisticsproper.4. emic:atermincontrastwitheticwhichoriginatesfromAmericanlinguistPike’sdistinctionofphoneticsandphonemics.Anemicsetofspeechactsandeventsmustbeonethatisvalidatedasmeaningfulviafinalresourcetothenativemembersofaspeechcommunityratherthanviaappealtot
5、heinvestigator’singenuityorintuitionalone.5. synchronic:akindofdescriptionwhichtakesafixedinstant(usually,butnotnecessarily,thepresent),asitspointofobservation.Mostgrammarsareofthiskind.6. diachronic:thestudyofalanguagewhichiscarriedthroughthecourseofitshistor
6、y.7. prescriptive:akindoflinguisticstudyinwhichthingsareprescribedhowoughttobe,i.e.layingdownrulesforlanguageuse.8. descriptive:akindoflinguisticstudyinwhichthingsarejustdescribed.9. arbitrariness:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothefacethatthefo
7、rmsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.10. duality:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofarecomposedofelementsofthesecondary.levelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.11. displacement:
8、onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichmeanshumanlanguageenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresentcintimeandspace,atthemoment
