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1、胡壮麟《语言学教程》课后答案1.Designfeature:arefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguages,suchasarbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,culturaltransmission,etc.2.Function:theuseoflanguagetocommunicate,tothink,etc.Languagefunctionsinclucleimformativefunction,interpersonalfunction,performativefunction,interperson
2、alfunction,performativefunction,emotivefunction,phaticcommunion,recreationalfunctionandmetalingualfunction.5.synchronic:akindofdescriptionwhichtakesafixedinstant(usually,butnotnecessarily,thepresent),asitspointofobservation.Mostgrammarsareofthiskind.6.diachronic:studyofalanguageiscarriedthroughthe
3、courseofitshistory.7.prescriptive:thestudyofalanguageiscarriedthroughthecourseofitshistory.8.prescriptive:akindoflinguisticstudyinwhichthingsareprescribedhowoughttobe,i.e.layingdownrulesforlanguageuse.9.descriptive:akindoflinguisticstudyinwhichthingsarejustdescribed.10.arbitrariness:onedesignfeatu
4、reofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothefacethattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.11.duality:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofarecomposedofelementsofthesecondary.levelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.12.displa
5、cement:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichmeanshumanlanguageenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresentcintimeandspace,atthemomentofcommunication.13.phaticcommunion:onefunctionofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothesocialinteractionoflanguage.14.metalanguage:certainkindsoflin
6、guisticsignsortermsfortheanalysisanddescriptionofparticularstudies.15.macrolinguistics:heinteractingstudybetweenlanguageandlanguage-relateddisciplinessuchaspsychology,sociology,ethnograph,scienceoflawandartificialintelligenceetc.Branchesofmacrolinguisticsincludepsycholinguistics,sociolinguistics,a
7、nthropologicallinguistics,et16.competence:languageuser’sunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrules.17.performance:theactualuseoflanguageinconcretesituation.18.langue:thelinguisticcompetenceofthespeaker.19.parole:th
