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2018年北京市高级中等学校招生考试英语试卷知识运用（共14分）一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0．5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I.MybrotherandIlikefootball.____playittogetheronceaweek.A.IB.TheyC.WeD.You2.Happybirthday,Peter!Here'sagift____you.A.forB.inC.withD.from3.--____doyouusuallygotoschool,Mary?--Bybike.A.WhenB.HowC.WhereD.Why4.Manypeoplelikepandas____theyarecute.A.thoughB.ifC.whileD.because5.I____gonow,orI’llmissmytrain.A.canB.mightC.mustD.could6.Tonyis___ofthethreeboys,butheisthetallest.A.youngB.youngerC.youngestD.theyoungest7.Billlikesreading.He____picturebookswithhisdadeveryevening.A.readB.readsC.isreadingD.hasread8.-Paul,whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?-I____amovieinthecinemawithmyfriends.A.waswatchingB.watchC.havewatchedD.willwatch9.Davidisatennisplayer.He____toplaytenniswhenhewassixyearsold.A.beginsB.willbeginC.beganD.hasbegun10.--Lucy,isyouruncleateacher?--Yes,heis.He____historyfornearly20years.A.teachesB.hastaughtC.isteachingD.willteach10 11.Anewinternationalairport____inthecitynextyear.A.completesB.iscompletedC.willcompleteD.willbecompleted12.一Alice,couldyoutellme___London?----Sure.LastSundayA.whenMr.SmithleftB.whenMr.SmithwillleaveC.whendidMr.SmithleaveD.whenwillMr.Smithleave二、完形填空（共8分，每小题1分）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。RealSolutions（解决方法）toProblemsThirtyengineerswereworkingasateaminacompany.Theywereyoungandeagertolearn.Themanagementdecidedtoteachthemaboutfindingrealsolutionstoproblems.Oneday,theteamwascalledfora__13__inahall.Theywerequitesurprisedandallreachedthehallholdingvarious__14__.Astheyentered,theyfoundaboxplacedinthecenter,fullofflatballoons.Themanageraskedeveryonetopickaballoonandblowitup.Thentheywereaskedtowritetheirnamesontheirrespective（各自的）balloons__15__sothattheballoonswouldn'tblowout.Alltried,butnoteveryonewas__16__.Fiveballoonsblewoutduetopressure（压力）.Thosewhofailedtomarktheirnamesontheballoonswere__17__outofthegame.Asaresult,25engineerscametothenextlevel.Alltheballoonscarryingtheirnameswere__18__andthenputintoaroom,hereandthere.Theengineersweretoldtopicktheballoonwithhisorhernameon.Allthe25engineersbegantosearchfortherespectiveballoonsinarush.Itwasalmost15minutesbutnoonewasableto__19__therightone.Thesecondlevelofthegamewasover.Thencamethefinallevel.Theengineerswereaskedtopickanyballoonandgiveittothepersonnamedontheballoon.Withinacoupleofminutes,allballoons__20__thehandsoftherespectiveengineers.Themanagerannouncedthiswastherealsolutiontotheproblem.Manytimesinourlife,sharingandhelpingothersgiveusrealsolutionstoproblems.13.A.gameB.showC.concertD.party14.A.purposesB.suggestionsC.thoughtsD.plans15.A.quietlyB.carefullyC.secretlyD.clearly16.A.honestB.readyC.patientD.successful17.A.checkedB.helpedC.ruledD.cheated10 18.A.collectedB.weighedC.tiedD.cleaned19.A.markB.hideC.numberD.find20.A.freedB.reachedC.liftedD.hit阅读理解（共36分）三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。（共26分，每小题2分）ARoger:Hi,there!Itwasmy15thbirthdaylastSaturday.SomeofmyfriendsandAlan,mycousin,cametocelebrateit.Everyonebroughtmeagift.Wehadaparty.Weplayedgames,sangsongsandhadabigbirthdaycake.Itwasreallyawonderfulday!Didyoudoanythingspeciallastweek?Jessica:Yes,Myclasswereonaschoolfieldtriplastweek.First,wewenttotheUniversityofNorthCarolinatolearnaboutthehistoryofitsbasketballteam.Manybasketballstarswerestudentsthere!Thenwevisitedamuseum.Welearnedabouthowtheplanewasinventedandtookmanypicturesthere.Sara:Well,Iwasluckyenoughtogotoaconference（会议）oncharity(慈善)lastWednesday.Iwassoexcitedtomeetalotofkindpeoplethere.OneofthemwasaboynamedRichard.Hespokeattheconferenceaboutthecharityworkthathehaddoneinthepastfewyears.Martin:Itwasadifferentweekthanusual.LastThursday,myschoolband(乐队)wenttoAtlantatoperforminacompetition.Iplayedtheviolinandwewonaprize!OnFriday,wewenttotheGeorgiaAquariumandgottoseedifferentkindsofsealifefromallovertheworld.Itwasreallycool!21.WhendidRogerhavehisbirthdayparty?A.LastWednesday.B.LastThursday.C.LastFriday.D.LastSaturday10 22.Whowentonaschoolfieldtriplastweek?A.AlanB.JessicaC.SaraD.Richard23.MartinwenttoAtlantato____.A.speakataconferenceB.organizeapartyC.performinacompetitionD.visitauniversityBABeautifulMomentWhenIwasinhighschool,Iworkedpart-timehelpingDadsellfruitsandvegetablesatamarket.Oneday,asIwaspreparingthefruits,alittleboycamebywithhismomandsister.Hewasabouteightyearsold,andthegirl,fiveorsix.Theywerelookingatthefruitsinfrontofme.Iheardthekidssaytotheirmom(inFrench),"They'regood!"IknewitwasFrench,becauseIcanspeakandunderstandit.ThenInoticedhowthemomwaspickingthefruits.AtfirstIthoughtshewasreallylookingatthefruitsbecauseshewasfacingthem,butthenInoticedhowmuchshehadtofeelandsmelleachoneasshepickedthemout.Andsheoftenaskedhersonifitlookedokay,butlookedwayabovewherehisfacewas.PuttingwhatIsawtogether,IwassureshewasblindBothofthekidscontinuedtohelptheirmompickoutthefruits.Thesonmadesurethefruitswerenotobviouslybad,andthedaughterhandedthemtohermom.Thewomanthenfelteachoneandsmiled,andthedaughterwouldputthemintotheirbasket.Thekidsweresmilingwhilehelpingtheirmompickthefruitsout.Theirsmileandgentlemannermovedmeinawaythatneverhappenedbefore.Itwassobeautifultoseesuchyoungkidssowillinglyhelp.Mostkidsthatagewouldbepickingoutcandiesortoysinastoreforthemselves,insteadofhelpingtheirmompickoutfruits,asthetwokidsdid.Itwasgreattowitnessthemoment,butnotsogreatbecauseIdidn’ttellthemomhowbeautifulherchildrenwereintheirlanguage.ThisiswhatIregrettothisday.24.Thewomanandherkidscametothemarkettobuy___.A.fruitsB.vegetablesC.candiesD.toys25.Accordingtowhathesaw,thewriterwassurethemothercouldn’t___.A.speakB.seeC.smellD.hear26.Thewriterwasmovedbecause___.A.themotherwasbravetofaceherproblems10 B.thekidswerepoliteandkindtoeachotherC.themotherwascarefulinpickingoutthingsD.thekidsweresowillingtohelptheirmotherCSomeprimaryschoolchildrenhavebeenraisedinhomeswithmoregreenspacearound.Theyarelikelytocomewithlargervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterincertainareasofthebrain.Thesedifferencesareassociated(关联)withbeneficialeffectsoncognitivefunction（认知功能）．ThisisthemainconclusionofastudyledbytheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth.Thestudywasperformedamong253schoolchildreninSpain.Lifelongexposure(接触)togreenspaceinthelivingplaceswasrecorded-usingtheinformationonthechildren'saddressesfrombirthupthroughtothetimeofthestudy.Brainstructurewasstudiedusing3Dmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI).Workingmemoryandinattentiveness（注意力不集中）weregradedwithcomputers."Thisisthefirststudythatshowstheassociationbetweenlong-termexposuretogreenspaceandbrainstructure,”saysDr.PayamDadvand,theleadingresearcherofthestudy."Ourfindingssuggestthatexposuretogreenspaceearlyinlifecouldresultinbeneficialstructuralchangesinthebrain.”Thefindingsshowthatlong-termexposuretogreennessispositivelyassociatedwithwhiteandgreymattervolumesinseveralpartsofthebrain.Someofthemarerelatedtohigherscoresoncognitivetests.Moreover,largervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterinthosepartsmightleadtobetterworkingmemoryandlessinattentiveness.Exposuretonaturehasbeenthoughttobenecessaryforbraindevelopmentinchildren.Anotherstudyof2,593childrenshowsthatchildreninschoolswithmoregreenspacehaveagreaterincreaseinworkingmemoryandagreaterdecreaseininattentiveness.Humansarebelievedtobetiedtonature.Playingingreenerareasofferschildrenopportunitiestosearchandlearn.Accordingly,greenspaceisthoughttopromptimportantexercisesindiscovery,creativityandrisktaking.Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinfluencebraindevelopment.Dr.Dadvand'sstudysuggestshowsuchstructuralchangescouldbringaboutthebeneficialeffectsofgreenspaceoncognitivedevelopment.Italsoaddstotheproofthatsuggeststhelastingeffectsofearlylifeexposuretogreennessonourhealthandthebenefitsofincreasinggreennessincities.Furtherstudiesareneededtoprovethefindingsinotherpopulations,settingsandclimates.Andresearchersneedtoexaminedifferencesaccordingtothenatureandqualityofgreenspace.10 27.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout____.A.howthestudywasperformedB.whatwasrecordedinthestudyC.howlongthestudylastedD.whotookpartinthestudy28.Theword"prompt"inParagraph6probablymeans______.A.controlB.encourageC.balanceD.change29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.WorkingmemoryinfluenceswhiteandgreymatterinthebrainB.Dr.DadvandstressedtheimportanceofchangingtheenvironmentC.StudiesprovedtheinfluenceofgreennessonpopulationsoutofSpainD.Livingingreenerneighborhoodsbenefitschildreninbraindevelopment.DWeoftenreachapointinourlifewhenweshouldbereadyforchangethatwillhelpusunlockourself-improvementpower.However,there'salwayssomethingstaringatusrightunderournosebutwedon’tseeit.Theonlytimewethinkofunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswheneverythinggetsworst.Whendowerealizethatweneedtochangediets?Whennoneofourshirtsandjeanswouldfitus.Whendowestopeatingcandiesandchocolates?Whenallofourteethhavefallenoff.Whendowerealizethatweneedtostopsmoking?Whenourlungshavegonebad.Weseethewarningsignsandsignalswhenthingsgetroughanddifficult.Theonlytimemostofuseverlearnaboutunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswhenthewholeworldisfallingapart.Wethinkandfeelthiswaybecauseitisnoteasytochange,butchangebecomesmorepainfulwhenweignore(忽视)it.Changewillhappen,likeitorhateit.Atonepointoranother,weareallgoingtofinallyunlockourself-improvementpowernotbecausetheworldsaysso,butbecausewerealizeit'sforourowngood.Happypeopledon’tjustacceptchange,theyembrace(拥抱)it.Unlockingourself-improvementpowermeansunlockingourselvesoutoftheboxofthoughtthatisjustthewayweare.Itissuchapoorexcuseforpeoplewhofearchange.Janealwaystellseveryonethatshedoesn'thavethecouragetobearoundgroupsofpeople.Sheheardherfamilytellthesamethingsabouthertootherpeople.Overtheyears,thatiswhatJanehasbelieved.Everytimeagreatcrowdcome,shestepsbackandlocksherselfupinaroom.Janenotonlybelievesinherstory,butlivesit!10 Self-improvementmaynotbeeverybody’sfavoriteword,butifwelookatthingsinadifferentway,wemighthavegreaterchancesofenjoyingthewholeprocessinsteadofcountingthedaysuntilwearefullyimproved.Threesessionsinaweekatthegymwouldresultinahealthierlife.Readingbookseverydaywouldbuildupknowledge.Andonlywhenweareenjoyingthewholeprocessofunlockingourself-improvementpowerwillwerealizethatwerebeginningtotakethingslightandbecomehappy.30.ThewritermentionsthethreequestionsinParagraph2toshowthat______.A.welearnourlessonswhenweexperiencepainB.weareresponsiblefortheproblemswemeetC.lifefailsuswhenwegetintothewrongwayD.lifeisalongjourneyfullofupsanddowns31.WhatisthekeytosolvingJane'sproblem?A.Sheneedstorememberwhyshestarted.B.Shehastoknowhowtogetonwithpeople.C.Shehastorealizesheisnotwhatsheisinherstory.D.Sheneedstounderstandtheimportanceofconfidence.32.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat______.A.theworldtellsushowtoimproveourselvesB.peoplechangewhentheyfinditeasytodothatC.welcomingchangeinlifeisadrivetobecomebetterD.enjoyingtheprocessofself-improvementmakeslifesimpler33.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Isitimportanttotakethingslight?B.Isitnecessarytoembracechallenges?C.Toholdontothelastmomentortogiveup?D.Tofreeourselvesoutoftheboxortostayinit?四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共10分，每小题2分）Whenitcomestothelettergradeonyourtestorhomework,youmightnoticethatthereisnoletterE.Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhythatisso?10 IntheA,B,C,DandFgradingsystem,thefirstfourlettersaretypicallyconsideredpassinggrades.AnFinthissystemsimplystandsfor"fail".Theword"fail"happenstostartwiththeletterF,whichseemstoleaveouttheletterE.Thefactofthematteristhatanylettercanmean"not-passing"or"fail".SomeschoolshaveUgradefor"unsatisfactory",orIgradefor“incomplete”.Evenwithallthissaid,weshouldalsopointoutthatEgradeactuallyhasbeenusedprettycommonlythroughoutthehistoryoflettergradesintheUS.ThefirstcollegeintheUStousealettergradingsystemliketheonesweusetodayisMountHolyokeCollege.In1897.theybegantousethefollowinggradingscale:A:95-100%(excellent)B:85-94%(good)C:76-84%(fair)D:75%(barelypassed)E:below75%(failed)WecanseetheinclusionofEinsteadofF.Gradually,thelettergradingsystembecamemorepopularthroughouttheUS.However,manyschoolsdecidedtodroptheEgradeandgostraighttoF.Thereisnoevidence(证据)toreallysupportthis,butonepossibleexplanationisthatteacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor"excellent.Whydowehavelettergrades?Well,partofthereasonisthattheymadegradingsimplerduringatimeofgreatchangeforschools.Asthe20thcenturybegan,growingcitiesandanincreaseinimmigrationledtolargerschoolclassrooms.Mostteachersatthattimethoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.Today,moreandmorepeoplearguethatlettergradesdon’tfullyreflect(反映)studentlearning.However,asteacherstrytoimprovegradingmethods,manyparentscontinuetofavorthelettergradestheygotaskids.Theyarefamiliar(熟悉)andeasyforparentstounderstand.Sowhiletheymightnotbeperfect,thelettergradesprobablyaren'tgoingawayanytimesoon.34.WhatdoesanFstandforintheA,B,C,DandFgradingsystem?35.WhenwasthelettergradingsystemfirstusedintheUScollege?36.WhatisonepossibleexplanationfordroppingtheEgrade?37.Whatdidmostteachersthinkofthelettergradingsysteminthe20thcentury?38.Whydomanyparentsstillpreferthelettergradestoday?书面表达（共10分）五、文段表达（10分）10 39．从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。题目1假如你是李华，你们学校将要举办一场关于京剧的讲座，你打算邀请你们班交换生Peter参加，请用英语写一封电子邮件，告诉他讲座的时间和地点。以及需要做什么准备提示词语：lecture（讲座），invite，information，question，online提示问题：Whenandwherewillyouhavethelecture？WhatdoyouadvisePetertoprepareforin?DearPeter,Howisitgoing?There’llbealectureonPekingOperainourschool._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________IfthereisanythingthatIcando,pleaseletmeknow.Yours,LiHua题目2“静以修身，俭以养德”，勤俭节约是中华民族的传统美德。无论生活富足与否，我们都应提倡节约，杜绝浪费。某英文网站正在开展以“节约是美德”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈生活中你是怎么做的，以及这样做的意义。提示词语：thrifty（节约的）,save，tumoff，food，money，virtue（美德）提示问题：Whatdoyoudoinyourdailylife？Whydoyoudoso?It’soneofourtraditionalvirtuestobethrifty.______________________________________________________________________________________10 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