impact tools：冲击工具

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1、Measuringimpactandoutcomes:LessonsfromRNIBJanuary2014Since2010RNIBhasbeenrunningaprojecttomeasuretheimpactithasonblindandpartiallysightedpeople,thoseatriskofsightlossandwidersociety.Thisreportdescribesthelessonslearnedaswehaveputtheoryintopractice.Whilstofinteres

2、ttoanyprofessionalinthefieldofimpactmeasurement,itwillbeofparticularinteresttootherorganisationsseekingtoimplementimpactmeasurement.AcknowledgementsAstheresultofsignificantreadingandapplicationofideasandconceptsfoundthroughoutthesector,itisnotpossibletopinpointth

3、esourceofeachidea,givingappropriatecredit.Furtherreadingissuggestedinappendixone.Manyoftheseauthorshaveinfluencedourworkandwearegratefultothem.14Contents1.Impactandoutcomes3Definitions3Principles32.Whyimpactmeasurementisvaluable42.1Impactasadecisiontool42.2Impact

4、asapersuasiontool42.3Impactasanaccountabilitytool42.4Impactasacommunicationtool43.Alternativestoimpact43.1Visionperspective53.2Processperspective53.3Activityperspective54.Stagesofimpact54.1Theimpactmap54.2Atheoryofchange64.3Impactriskassessment65.Choosingwhichimp

5、acttomeasure65.1Typeofstakeholder75.2TypeofImpact75.3Processevaluation86.Measuringimpact96.1Focusgroups,interviews,diariesandsampling96.2Embeddingimpactmeasurement96.3Toolsformeasuringimpacts107.Dealingwithdifficultandcomplexity117.1Alwayshaveatheoryofchange117.2

6、Focusonwhatyoucancontrol117.3Evidencetheconsequencesofnotdoingaservice11147.4Impactnetworks118.Summary12Appendix1:Sourcesandfurtherreading13Impact,conceptsandprinciples13Impactmapandtheoryofchange14Impactmethodologies14Appendix2:Definingoutcomesandimpact15Appendi

7、x2:Definingoutcomesandimpact15Appendix3:Blankimpactmap16Appendix4:Multi-stakeholderimpactmapforemployment17Appendix5:Impactmapforinternaltraining1814Executivesummary‘Impact’isatermbestsummarisedasthedifferencemadebyanorganisationoractivity.Focussingonimpactcanbes

8、etincontrasttofocussingonhowmanyservicesarerunorhowmanypeopleanactivityengageswith.Impactmeasurementhasanumberofkeyprinciplesthatoughttobeadheredto.Theseareimp