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1、SocialandEconomicIntegrationofCulturalHeritageinAustriaFromPasttoPresence:TheWideningoftheTerm"PreservationofMonumentsandSites"ManfredWehdornProfessoroftheTechnicalUniversityofVienna,A-1050Wien,Schloßgasse20,Tel.Nr.0043–1–5440644-0,Fax5444650,Baubüros:SchloßSchönbrunn8793034,E-mail:buero@we
2、hdorn.co.at,AustriaSomemonthsagotheFederalOfficeforthePreservationofMonumentsinAustriacelebratedits150anniversaryofstateprotection:In1850itwasrecognizedthattheprotectionofmonumentshastobepartlythestate’sresponsibilitywhichledtothefoundationofthe"K.K.Central-CommissionzurErforschungundErhalt
3、ungderBaudenkmale"(ImperialCommissionfortheInvestigationand1MaintenanceofHistoricalMonuments).Thiscommissionconsistedofseveralscientistswhoworkedonavolantarybasisandhadatfirstonlyadvisoryfunction.Examples:-AdalbertStifter,thefamousAustrianwriter,wasmemberofthiscommissionandbecameoneofthemos
4、timportantpersonsinthedevelopmentofmonument'spreservation2inAustria.In1923,onlysomeyearsafterthefoundingoftheRepublicinAustria,thefirstlawontheprotectionofmonumentswascreated,whichisstillvalid–naturallywithmanyrevisions.ThebigtraditionofmonumentpreservationinAustriacanbeunderlinedbymentioni
5、ngnameslikeJosefAlexanderHelfertwhocreatedalreadyin1845thefirstinventarisation3card,AloisRiegl,whoformulatedthevaluesofmonumentsonascientificbasisforthefirst4timeintheworldin1903inhisfamousbook"DermoderneDenkmalkultus",orMaxDvorak,5whoshowedin1916inhisbook"KatechismusderDenkmalpflege",theim
6、portanceofthesurroundingofmonuments.ProtectionofmonumentsandsitesinAustriafromthetimeaftertheSecondWorldWaruptonowischaracterizedbyacontinuouswideningoftheterm"monument",followingtheEuropeanwidedevelopment.thWeshouldnotforgetthattilltheendofthefiftiesinthe20centurythisgenerationofpolitician
7、s,architectsandarthistorianshadtodealprimarilywiththereconstructionoftheirtownsafterthedamagesofthewar,thatmeans,moreorless,withsinglemonuments.6Examples:-Vienna,St.Stephan'sCathedral,goingbacktoromanandgothiktimes,burntoutin1945,restoredimmediatelyafter
