国际金融市场与机构

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1、【美联储的主要构成成份】IdentifythekeycomponentsoftheFedthatdictatemonetarypolicyFederalreservedistrictbanks.联邦储备区银行Memberbanks会员银行Boardofgovernors董事会Federalopenmarketcommittee(FOMC)联邦公开市场委员会Advisorycommittees联邦顾问委员会【联邦储备银行的职能】Feddistrictbanksfacilicateoperationswithinthebankingsystemb

2、yclearingchecks,replacingoldcurrency,andprovidingloanstodepositoryinstitutionsinneedoffunds.Theyalsocollecteconomicdataandconductresearchprojectsoncommercialbankingandeconomictrends.★【货币政策工具】Monetarypolicytools1.Openmarketoperations公开市场操作2.Adjustmentsinthediscountrate调整贴现利率

3、3.Adjustmentsinthereserverequirementratio调整法定存款准备金利率【ThenewYorkdistrictbankisconsideredthemostimportant.纽约联邦储备区银行被认为是最重要的。】【EachFeddistrictbankhasninedirectors,sixareelectedbymemberbanks,ofthesesixdirectors,threeareprofessionalbanksandthreearebusinessman，theotherthreedirect

4、orsareappointedbytheboardofgovernors.每个联邦储备区银行，有九个成员组成，六个是来自会员银行选举出来，其中三人来自专业银行，三人为商人，另外三人来自理事会。】【理事会】BoardofgovernorsTheboardofgovernorsismadeupofsevenindividualmemberswithofficesinWashingtonD.C理事会的7个人是由华盛顿官方组成。【理事会的职能】regulatingcommercialbanksandcontrollingmonetarypolicy.

5、【联邦公开市场委员会】FOMCismadeupofthesevenmembersoftheboardofgovernorsplusthepresidentsoffivefeddistrictbanks.【FOMC主要职能】promotehighemployment,economicgrowthandpricestability.commandcomposeProvidefundsAdvisoryCommittee【Boardofgovernors】lRegulatesmemberbanksandholdingcompanies.lSetsre

6、severequirements.【Federalresevedistrictbanks】lClearcheckslReplaceoldcurrencylProvideloanstodepositoryinsititutions.【Federalopenmarketcommittee】lConductsopenmarketoperationssupervisionMemberbanksTradingdeskBoardofgovernorsRegulatesmemberbanksandholdingcompanies.Setsresevereq

7、uirements.【公开市场如何操作如何影响利率】theFedcanhaveastronginfluenceontheseratesbycontrollingthesupplyofloanablefunds.whenthefedusesopenmarketoperationstoincreasebankfunds,bankshavemorefundsthatcanbeloanedout.Thiscaninfluencevariousmarket-determinedinterestrates.1.hefederalfundsratemayd

8、eclinebecausesomebankshavealargersupplyofexcessfundstolendoutinthefederalfundsmark