陇中半干旱区马铃薯集雨限灌效应研究

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1、作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2011,37(1):138145http://www.chinacrops.org/zwxb/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00138陇中半干旱区马铃薯集雨限灌效应研究11,*1,*12秦舒浩张俊莲王蒂肖洪浪蒲育林12甘肃农业大学农学院/甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730070

2、;定西市旱作农业研究所,甘肃定西743300摘要:采用大田试验与实验室分析相结合的方法,研究了集雨限灌对旱作马铃薯田蒸散量、灌水利用率、产量、产量性状及薯块品质的影响。结果表明,集雨限灌45mm条件下马铃薯水分利用效率(WUE)显著提高,在此基础上增加灌水量,WUE降低;苗期限灌处理的WUE和灌水利用效率(IWUE)均高于薯块膨大期;苗期限灌45mm处理综合用水效率较高。限灌可提高旱作马铃薯产量、大薯率与中薯率,降低小薯率,苗期限灌有利于大薯率的提高,薯块膨大期限灌有利于中薯率的提高;限灌降低马铃薯单株结薯数

3、,可提高单株薯产量;超过45mm后随限灌量的增加,产量增加不显著,绿薯率和烂薯率显著增加。限灌能降低马铃薯薯块淀粉含量,提高薯块蛋白质含量。苗期限灌45mm为半干旱区马铃薯最佳集雨限灌模式。关键词:集雨限灌;旱作马铃薯;产量效应;水分效应;薯块品质EffectsofLimitedSupplementalIrrigationonPotatointheSemiaridAreasofMiddleGansuProvince11,*1,*12QINShu-Hao,ZHANGJun-Lian,WANGDi,XIAOHon

4、g-Lang,andPUYu-Lin1CollegeofAgronomy,GansuAgriculturalUniversity/GansuKeyLaboratoryofAridlandCropScience/ColdandAridRegionsEnvironmentaland2EngineeringResearchInstitute,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Lanzhou730070,China;DingxiInstituteofRain-FedAgriculture,Dingxi

5、743300,ChinaAbstract:WatersupplyscarcityisthemainlimitingfactorforsustainableagriculturedevelopmentinsemiaridareasontheWest-ernLoessPlateau.Becauseofimbalanceforrainfalldistribution,yieldandwateruseefficiency(WUE)ofpotato,oneofthedominantcropsinmiddleGansup

6、rovince,arerelativelylow.Tooptimizesupplementalirrigationsystemusinglimitedcatchmentrainfallforrain-fedpotatointhearea,fieldexperimentswerecarriedoutin2008–2009todetermineevapotranspiration,WUE,yield,yieldtraitsandqualityofrain-fedpotatounderdifferentsupple

7、mentalirrigationamountsandtimings.TheresultsshowedthatWUEofpotatoincreasedsignificantlyinthesupplementalirrigationtreatmentof45mm,anddecreasedwithincreasingofirrigationamount.WUEandirrigatingwateruseefficiency(IWUE)ofpotatowerehigherwithsupplementalirrigati

8、onattheseedlingthanthetuberexpandingstage.WUEandIWUEwerethehighestunderthe45mmofirrigationattheseedlingstage.Yield,ratesofbiggertuberandmiddletuberinrain-fedpotatowereincreased,andsmalltuberrateswerede