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1、TheComputerJournalAdvanceAccesspublishedOctober18,2007#TheAuthor2007.PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPressonbehalfofTheBritishComputerSociety.Allrightsreserved.ForPermissions,pleaseemail:journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.orgdoi:10.1093/comjnl/bxm083p-AdicModellingoftheGenomeandt
2、heGeneticCodeBRANKODRAGOVICH1,*ANDALEXANDRADRAGOVICH21InstituteofPhysics,POBox57,11001Belgrade,Serbia2VavilovInstituteofGeneralGenetics,GubkinSt.3,119991Moscow,Russia*Correspondingauthor:dragovich@phy.bg.ac.yuThispaperpresentsthefoundationsofp-adicmodellingingenomics.Consider
3、ingnucleotides,codons,DNAandRNAsequences,aminoacidsandproteinsasinformationsystems,wehavefor-mulatedthecorrespondingp-adicformalismsfortheirinvestigations.Eachofthesesystemshasitscharacteristicprimenumberusedforconstructionoftherelatedinformationspace.Relevanceofthisapproachi
4、sillustratedbysomeexamples.Inparticular,itisshownthatdegenerationofthegeneticcodeisap-adicphenomenon.Wehavealsoputaforwardahypothesisontheevolutionofthegeneticcodeassumingthatprimitivecodewasbasedonsinglenucleotidesandchronologicallyfirstfouraminoacids.Thisformalismofp-adicgen
5、omicinformationsystemscanbeimplementedincomputerprogramsandappliedtovariousconcretecases.Keywords:geneticcode;genome;p-adicmodelling;p-adicgenomicspace;evolutionofthegeneticcodeReceived20July2007;revised17August20071.INTRODUCTIONLivingorganismsseemtobethemostcomplex,interesti
6、nganddoublehelixthroughbasepairsA–TandC–Gbondedbysignificantobjectsregardingallsubstructuresoftheuniverse.twoandthreehydrogenbonds,respectively.AsaconsequenceOneoftheessentialcharacteristicsthatdifferentiatealivingofthesepairs,thereisanequalnumberofcytosineandorganismfromallot
7、hermaterialsystemsisrelatedtoitsguanineaswellastheequalrateofadenineandthymine.genome.ThegenomeofanorganismisitswholehereditaryDNAispackagedinchromosomesthatarelocalizedintheinformationencodedinthedeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA),andnucleusoftheeukaryoticcells.containsbothgenesandno
8、n-codingsequences.InsomeThemainroleofDNAistostoregeneticinformationa
