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1、Geant4LowEnergyElectromagneticPhysicsS.Chauvie,S.Guatelli,V.Ivanchenko,F.Longo,A.Mantero,B.Mascialino,P.Nieminen,L.Pandola,S.Parlati,L.Peralta,M.G.Pia,M.Piergentili,P.Rodrigues,S.Saliceti,A.Trindadeexperimentalfields.InradiotherapyveryprecisesimulationofAbst
2、ract—TheGeant4SimulationToolkitincludesatheenergylossintissueofboththeincidentparticlesandtheirspecialisedpackage,implementingaprecisetreatmentofsecondaryparticlesisrequired.Tomaximisepatientsafety,electromagneticinteractionsofparticleswithmatterbelow1keV.ac
3、curateknowledgeisneededofthe3-dimentionaldistributionTheGeant4LowEnergyElectromagneticpackageprovidesaoftheradiationdosewithinsmallvolumes,implyinglowvarietyofmodelsdescribingtheelectromagneticprocessesofenergyproductionthresholdsandsmallsteplengthsinparticl
4、eelectronsandpositrons,photons,chargedhadronsandions,takingintoaccountdetailedfeatures,suchasatomicshelleffectstracking.Inspaceinstrumentation,ontheotherhand,andchargedependence.Thesefeaturesarerelevanttoseveralreductionincomponentsizehasledtohighersusceptib
5、ilitytoexperimentaldomains,suchasastrophysics,spacescienceandtheso-calledSingleEventUpsets.Thesephenomenaarebio-medicalresearch,andhaveenablednewsimulationstudiesprimarilyduetoincidentprotonsandionsinspace,andarebeyondtheconventionalapplicationsofGeant4inhig
6、henergycharacterisedbylargeenergydepositsinsmallsensitivephysics.Thedesignofthepackageandthephysicsmodelsvolumes,particularlyneartheendoftheparticletrack.Suchimplementedarepresented.phenomenausuallycausememorybit-flips,andmayresultI.INTRODUCTIONeitherinatemp
7、oraryoperationalglitchofaninstrumentinthespacecraftor,intheworstcase,inthedeteriorationoftheTHEprecisesimulationofelectromagneticinteractionsofcapabilitiesofanentiremission.Thedetailedsimulationofparticleswithmatterisacriticalrequirementinvarioussecondaryeff
8、ects,suchastheatomicrelaxationresultingfromavacancyinanatomleftbyaprimaryinteractionprocess,isManuscriptreceivedOctober31,2004.requiredinavarietyofapplicationsinvestigatingmaterialS.Chauvieiswit
