自学考试英语国家概况汇总版

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1、Chapter1　LandandPeople一、本章知识点　　1.重点：　①DifferentnamesforBritainanditsparts　　2.难点、考点：①Britain’sofficialname　　②BritishCommonwealth　　三、课本内容　　（一）DifferentnamesforBritainanditsparts　　　　Strictlyspeaking,theBritishIsles,GreatBritainandEnglandareallgeographicalnames.　　1.TheBritish

2、Islesaremadeupoftwolargeislandsandhundredsofsmallislands.（seemapofUK）ThetwolargeislandsareGreatBritainandIreland.GreatBritainisthelargerofthesetwoislands.　　2.★TheofficialnameoftheUnitedKingdomistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Butitistoomuchofamouthfultosa

3、ysuchalongnameforacountry,sopeoplejustsayBritain,theUnitedKingdomorsimplyU.K.　　（UK）capital:London　　TheRepublicofIreland爱尔兰共和国hasbeenanindependentrepublicsince1949anditscapitalisDublin.　　3.TherearethreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain:England,Scotland,andWales.E

4、nglandisthelargest,mostpopulousandrichest,sopeopletendtouse“England”and“English”whentheymean“Britain”and“British”.　　4.TheBritishEmpire大英帝国:onefourthoftheworld’speopleandonefourthoftheworld’slandarea.　　5.TheBritishEmpiregraduallydisappearedanditwasreplacedbytheBritishCommo

5、nwealthortheCommonwealthofNationsin1931.★TheCommonwealthisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Membernationsarejoinedtogethereconomicallyandhavecertaintradingarrangements.TheCommonwealthhasnospecialpowers.ThedecisiontobecomeamemberoftheCommo

6、nwealthislefttoeachnation.如果出简答,则只需要第一句话.　　（二）Others　　GeographicalFeatures　　1.TheUnitedKingdomisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.TheEnglishChannelliesbetweenBritainandFrance.（p.4）　　TaiwanStrait：台湾海峡　　2.“Chunnel”:channel+tunn

7、el,openedtotrafficin1994.（p.5）　　Smog:smoke+fog　　Mortel:motor+hotel　　Kidult:kid+adult　　3.ThehighestmountaininBritain:BenNevis,1,343minScotland.（p.6）　　Thelongestriver:theSevernRiver（338km）　　Thesecondlargestandmostimportantriver:theThamesRiver（336km）（p.7）　　4.90%ofthepopulati

8、onisurbanandonly10%isrural.（p.11）　　5.TheEnglishareAnglo-Saxons盎格鲁撒克逊人,buttheScots,WelshandIrisha