自考英语国家概况汇总版 (1) (1)

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1、Chapter1　LandandPeople　　　　I.Strictlyspeaking,theBritishIsles,GreatBritainandEnglandareallgeographicalnames.　　1.TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeirelandsandhundredsofsmallislands.（seemapofUK）ThetwolargeirelandsareGreatBritainandIreland.GreatBritainisthelargerofthesetwoislands.　　2.★Theofficialname

2、oftheUnitedKingdomistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Butitistoomuchofamouthfultosaysuchalongnameforacountry,sopeoplejustsayBritain,theUnitedKingdomorsimplyU.K.　　（UK）capital:London　　TheRepublicofIreland爱尔兰共和国hasbeenanindependentrepublicsince1949anditscapitalisDublin.　　3.Therearethr

3、eepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain:England,Scotland,andWales.Englandisthelargest,mostpopulousandrichest,sopeopletendtouse“England”and“English”whentheymean“Britain”and“British”.(选择题)4.Strictlyspeaking,”theBritishIsles”referstoGreatBritainandIreland(选)5.ThecapitalofBritainisLondon　　6.The

4、BritishEmpire大英帝国:onefourthoftheworld’speopleandonefourthoftheworld’slandarea.7.BritainisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishchannelinthenorthandtheNorthseaintheeast.　　(简答)6.TheBritishEmpiregraduallydisappearedanditwasreplacedbytheBritishCommonwealthortheCommonwealthofNationsin1931.★TheCommon

5、wealthisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Membernationsarejoinedtogethereconomicallyandhavecertaintradingarrangements.TheCommonwealthhasnospecialpowers.ThedecisiontobecomeamemberoftheCommonwealthislefttoeachnation.英联邦是一个自由联合体，由曾是英国殖民地而现已独立的国家构成，成员国之间实行经济合作，有一定的贸易

6、协议。英联邦没有特别的权利，是否参加英联邦有个成员国自己决定，现在(1991年)，英联邦有50个成员国。　　（二）Others　　GeographicalFeatures　　1.TheUnitedKingdomisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.TheEnglishChannelliesbetweenBritainandFrance.（p.4）　　2.“Chunnel”:channel+tunnel,openedtotrafficin1994.（p.5）3.T

7、hehighestmountaininBritain:BenNevis,1,343minScotland.（p.6）　　Thelongestriver:theSevernRiver（338km）　　Thesecondlargestandmostimportantriver:theThamesRiver（336km）（p.7）　　4.90%ofthepopulationisurbanandonly10%isrural.（p.11）