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1、汉英语言类型对比与翻译LectureFour汉英语表达的动态与静态取向I.CaseStudy请比较分析下列英语句子，并将其译成汉语，然后做汉英对比，观察双语的用词特点。1.Thedoctorarrivedextremelyquicklyandexaminedthepatientuncommonlycarefully;theresultwasthatherecoveredveryspeedily.2.Thedoctor’sextremelyquickarrivalanduncommonlycarefulexaminationofthepatientbroughtabouthisveryspeed
2、yrecovery.【原译】医生迅速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复了。【试译】医生火速赶到，仔仔细细做了检查，病人很快就康复了。【讨论】句1用动词，结构松散，类似汉语之铺排，叙述呈动态（dynamic）；句2用了相应动词的派生名词，结构紧凑，行文简洁，语义逻辑分明，叙述呈静态（static）。两句的汉语译文总体相似，叙述动态倾向明显。II.MainConceptsNominalizationInlinguistics, nominalization istheuseofawordwhichisnotanoun(e.g.averb,anadjectiveoranadverb)a
3、sanoun,orastheheadofanounphrase,withorwithoutmorphologicaltransformation.Thetermcanalsoreferspecificallytotheprocessofproducinganounfromanotherpartofspeechviatheadditionofderivationalaffixes.TwotypesofnominalizationarefoundinEnglish.Onetyperequirestheadditionofaderivationalsuffixtocreateanoun.Forexa
4、mple,inthesentence“Combinethetwochemicals,” “combine” actsasaverb.Thiscanbeturnedintoanounviatheadditionof -ation,asin“Theexperimentinvolvedthecombinationofthetwochemicals.”II.MainConceptsNominalizationInothercases,Englishusesthesamewordasanounwithoutanyadditionalmorphology.Thissecondprocessisreferr
5、edtoaszero-derivationorconversion.Theuseof“change”inthefollowingisagoodexample:(1)Ineedachange(noun),(2)Iwillchange(verb).Englishalsohasanumberofwordswhich,dependingonsubtlechangesinpronunciation,areeithernounsorverbs.Onesuchtype,whichisratherpervasive,isthechangeinstressplacementfromthefinalsyllabl
6、eofthewordtothefirstsyllable( initial-stress-derivednoun).Forinstance, (1)Profitshaveshownalargeincrease. (['inkri:s]noun) (2)Profitswillcontinuetoincrease. ([in'kri:s]verb)Anadditionalcaseisseenwiththeverb use,whichhasadifferentpronunciationwhenusedasanoun.Forexample, Theuseofforksisdangerous ([ju:
7、s]noun);Useyourfork! ([ju:z]verb)II.MainConceptsNominalizationInsomecircumstances,adjectivescanhavenominaluse(nominalizedadjective),asinthepoortomeanpoorpeopleingeneral.InallvarietiesofChinese,particl
