英语文体学要略

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1、Chapter1IntroductionDefinitionofStylisticsAreasonablestartforabookofthisnatureistobrieflyexaminehowthefieldhasbeendefined.Walesdefinesstylisticssimplyas"thestudyofstyle"(1989:437).Thisdefinitionisclearandconcise,butitdoesnottellusmuchaboutthefielduntilwehavehadagooddiscussionofwhat

2、styleis.Widdowsonprovidesamoreinformativedefinition:"Bystylistics,ImeanthestudyofliterarydiscoursefromalinguisticorientationandIshalltaketheviewthatwhatdistinguishesstylisticsfromliterarycriticismontheonehandandlinguisticsontheotheristhatitisessentiallyameansoflinkingthetwo"(1975:3

3、).Hefurtherexplainsthedefinitionfromthemorphologicalmake-upofthewordstylistics,pointingoutthatthe'styl'componentrelatesstylisticstoliterarycriticism,andthe'is-tics'componenttolinguistics.Leechholdsasimilarview.Hedefinesstylisticsasthe"studyoftheuseoflanguageinliterature"(1969:1),an

4、dconsidersstylisticsa"meeting-groundoflinguisticsandliterarystudy"(1969:2).FromwhatWiddowsonandLeechsay,wecanseethatstylisticsisanareaofstudywhichstraddlestwodisciplines:literarycriticismandlinguistics.Ittakesliterarydiscourse(text)asitsobjectofstudyanduseslinguisticsasameanstothat

5、end.Thusdefined,wemayexcludetwokindsof'borderline'studies,workwhichisinsomewayslinguisticallyorientedbutnotdirectlyrelatedtoliteraryinterpretation(e.g.computer-orientedstudyofauthorship),andworkwhichisclaimedtodealwithstylebutdoesnotmakeuseoflinguisticfactsandtheory.EmergenceofStyl

6、isticsasanInterdisciplinaryFieldofStudyThedatewhenstylisticsbecameafieldofacademicinquiryisdifficulttodetermine.However,itmaybesaidthatitwasnotuntilthelate1950'sthatstylisticsbegantoadvancewithsignificantandmeasurablestrides.In1958,thefirstconferenceonstylisticswasheldatIndianaUniv

7、ersity,U.S.A.andelevenyearslater,anotherconferencewhichattractedspecialistsfromovertencountrieswasconvenedinBellagio,Italy.Thepaperspresentedanddiscussedatbothconferenceswerecharacterizedbysystematicandobjectiveanalysisofthelanguageofliteratureandwerelaterpublished.Thisgreatlyhelpe

8、dstylisticstogainpopularit