electronic resource guide - itrc

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1、EnhancedAttenuationofChlorinatedOrganics:ElectronicResourceGuideMay,2007PreparedbyTheInterstateTechnology&RegulatoryCouncilEnhancedAttenuationofChlorinateOrganicsTeamCopyright2006InterstateTechnology&RegulatoryCouncil444NorthCapitolStreet,NW,Suite445,Washington,D

2、C20001120TABLEOFCONTENTS1.0INTRODUCTIONTONATURALATTENUATIONANDENHANCEDATTENUATION51.1IntroductiontoITRCandtheEACOTeam51.1.1FocusofEACOTeam51.1.2EACOTeamProducts61.2NeedforandPurposeofResourceGuide61.2.1Howtousethisguide61.3IntroductiontoMNAandEA72.0OVERVIEWOFMONI

3、TOREDNATURALATTENUATION112.1CurrentStateofMNAasaGroundwaterRemedy112.2NaturalAttenuationProcesses132.3GuidelinesforImplementingMNA142.3.1MNAProtocols142.3.2SiteCharacterization152.3.2.1Low-FlowSamplingProtocol162.3.2.2ConceptualModelFramework172.3.2.3LinesofEvide

4、ncethatSupportMNA172.3.3DataAnalysisandModeling182.3.4Long-TermMonitoring192.3.5ContingencyRemedy192.4MNACaseStudies192.5FederalRegulationsandPolicies202.6StateRegulationsandPolicies202.7IssuesandChallenges212.8UsefulWebSites222.9AdditionalReferences223.0OVERVIEW

5、OFENHANCEDATTENUATION223.1DefinitionsandGoals233.1.1EnhancedAttenuation233.1.2EnhancedAttenuationRemedy233.1.3Enhancements243.2ReasonsforConsideringEnhancedAttenuation253.3ExamplesofImplementingEAStrategies274.0REDUCINGCONTAMINANTLOADINGTHEFROMSOURCE284.1Infiltra

6、tionControls284.1.1InterceptionandDiversionofSurfaceWater294.1.2ConventionalCoversandCaps294.1.3Vegetative/EvapotranspirationCovers304.2GroundwaterFlowReductionControls314.2.1LowPermeabilityBarriers324.2.2Biobarriers351204.2.3PermeabilityModification364.2.3.1Grou

7、ting364.3UsefulWebsites395.0PHYSICALPROPERTIES405.1Dispersion,diffusion,anddilution405.2Sorption415.3LimitationsandConcerns415.4Applicability426.0BIOREMEDIATIONAPPROACHES436.1Biostimulation436.1.1BiodegradationMechanismsandKinetics446.1.1.1ReductiveDechlorination

8、446.1.1.2AnaerobicOxidation466.1.1.3DirectAerobicBiodegradation466.1.1.4AerobicCo-metabolism476.1.2Long-livedElectronDonors476.1.4BiotreatabilityProtocols496.1