材料力学专业词汇.doc

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1、以下是《材料力学》课中专业词汇，共141个，对机械、力学专业本科生绝对有用！mechanicsofmaterials材料力学axialforce轴向力bar杆（只受轴向力）torsion扭转shaft轴（只受扭转）bending弯曲beam梁（只受弯曲）compression;compressive压缩column柱（只受压缩）stress应力strain应变displacement位移deformation变形strength强度stiffness刚度stability稳定性tension;tensi

2、le拉伸shear剪切prismaticbar等截面直杆crosssection截面uniformlydistributedload;uniformload均布载荷normalstress正应力signconvention符号规定stressdistribution应力分布stressconcentration应力集中dimensionlessquantity无量纲量homogeneous匀质的uniaxialstressandstrain单轴应力和应变mechanicalbehavior(材料的)力学

3、行为specimen试件elongation伸长量extensometer引伸计gagelength标准长度nominalstress名义应力truestress真实应力proportionallimit比例极限elasticmodulus;modulusofelasticity弹性模量(pl.moduli)yielding屈服plastic塑性strainhardening强化necking颈缩ultimatestrength强度极限ductile韧性percentelongation延伸率perce

4、ntreductioninarea断面收缩率brittle脆性elasticlimit弹性极限plasticity塑性plasticflow塑性流动creep蠕变relaxation松弛Hooke’sLaw胡克定律Poisson’sratio泊松比lateralstrain横向应变pureshear纯剪切shearstress切应力bearing挤压shearmodulusofelasticity切变模量factorofsafety安全系数allowablestress许用应力axialrigidity

5、抗拉刚度(EA)staticallyindeterminate静不定equationofequilibrium平衡方程equationofcompatibility变形协调方程constitutiverelations本构关系（物理方程）thermalstress热应力coefficientofthermalexpansion线胀系数prestrain预应变inclinedsection斜截面strainenergy应变能strainenergydensity应变能密度modulusofresilien

6、ce回弹模量impactload冲击载荷dynamicload动载荷repeatedload交变载荷fatigue疲劳fatiguelimit;endurancelimit疲劳极限Saint-Venant’sPrinciple圣维南原理staticallyequivalent静力等效stress-concentrationfactor应力集中系数elastoplasticmaterial弹塑性材料couple力偶momentofacouple力偶矩vector矢量torque;twistingmomen

7、t扭矩angleoftwist/rotation扭转角rateoftwist;angleoftwistperunitlength单位长度扭转角polarmomentofinertia极惯性矩Iptorsionalrigidity抗扭刚度GIpthin-walledopencrosssection开口薄壁截面bendingmoment弯矩shearforce剪力simplysupportedbeam;simplebeam简支梁pinsupport固定铰支座rollersupport可动铰支座cantile

8、verbeam悬臂梁fixedsupport;clampedsupport固定端beamwithanoverhang外伸梁concentratedload集中力distributedload分布力intensity(ofdistributedload)（分布力的）集度reaction反力purebending纯弯曲nonuniformbending横力弯曲neutralsurface中性层neutralaxis中性轴momentofiner