材料力学专业词汇中英对照.doc

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1、材料力学MechanicsofMaterials构件Structuremember强度strength刚度rigidity稳定性stability变形固体soliddeformationbody基本假设fundamentalassumption各向同性Isotropy内力internalforce外力externalforce二力杆twoforcebar刚体rigidbody轴向拉伸Axialtension轴向压缩Axialcompression拉力tensileforce内力Internalforc

2、e轴力axialforce轴力图diagramofaxialforce集中载荷concentrateload应力stress平均应力Averagestress全应力wholestress平面假设Hypothesisofplanesection拉应力Tensilestress应力集中stressconcentration剪切shearing正应力normalstress剪应力shearingStress线应变linearstrain剪应变angularstrain剪力shearingforce弹性应变能

3、Elasticstrainenergy静定问题staticallydeterminateproblem静不定问题staticallyindeterminateproblem平衡方程equilibriumequations比例极限Proportionallimit弹性极限Elasticlimit屈服极限Yieldinglimit塑性材料ductilematerial强度极限Strengthlimit铸铁castiron轴Shaft扭转Torsion扭转角Theangleoftwist扭矩Internal

4、torque扭矩图Internaltorquediagram剪应力互等定Theoremofcomplementaryshearingstresses弯曲bending梁Beam固定铰支座Fixedhingedsupport可动铰支座Movablehingedsupport固定端Rigidlyfixedend简支梁simplysupportedbeam悬臂梁Cantileverbeam外伸梁Overhangingbeam静定梁Staticallydeterminatebeam超静定梁Statically

5、indeterminatebeam弯曲内力Internalforceinbending弯矩Bendingmoment内力方程Internalforceequation剪力图shearingforcediagram弯矩图bendingmomentdiagram分布荷载thedistributedload荷载集度thedensityofthedistributedload平面刚架Planarrigidframe曲杆Curvedrod纯弯曲PureBending中性轴Neutralaxis曲率半径thera

6、diusofcurvature挠度Deflection转角Angleofrotation挠曲线deflectioncurve位移边界条Boundaryconditionsofthedisplacement支点位移条件Displacementconditionsatthesupports连续条件Continuityconditions光滑条件Slidingconditions积分常数integralconstant一点的应力状态Stressedstateatapoint原始单元体Originalelem

7、ent主单元体Principalelement主面principalplane主应力principalstress三向应力状态ThreeDimensionalStateofStress二向应力状态PlaneStateofStress应力圆StressCircle单向应力状态UnidirectionalStateofStress主应力迹线Principalstresstrajectories应变能密度strain-energydensity强度理论Theoriesofstrength最大拉应力（第一强度

8、）理论：Theoryofmaximumtensilestress（firststrength）最大伸长线应变（第二强度）理论：Theoryofmaximumtensilestrain（secondstrength）最大剪应力（第三强度）理论Theoryofmaximumshearingstress(thirdstrength)形状改变比能（第四强度）理论Theoryofmaximumtorsional(shearing)strainenergy(four