定语从句精讲

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1、（一）定义在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名或代词叫作先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面；引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。Thestudents(whodon’tstudyhard)willnotpasstheexam.先行词定语从句关系词的作用：代替先行词充当成分起连接作用关系词：关系代词that、which、as、who、whom、whose关系副词where、why、when(二)用法1.关系代词的用法（1）that指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.主语Thegirlthatwesawye

2、sterdayisJim’ssister.宾语（2）Which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.（主语）Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.（宾语）（3）who/whom指人，who在从句中作主语、宾语，whom作宾语。TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledMichael.（主语）ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.（宾语）(4)whose指人或物，在从句中作定语。Thisisthebookwhosecoveri

3、sblue.Iwouldlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.（5）as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。1)引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：Such+名词+as.....像....一样的thesame+名词+as.....和.....同样的其中关系代词as在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。Eg:Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)Thesehousesaresoldatsucha

4、lowpriceaspeopleexpected.这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)Heisnotthesamemanashewas.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)2)引导非限制性定语从句，as指整个句子内容。Eg:Aseverybodyknows,Shakespeareisafamouswriter.2.关系副词的用法在定语从句中，当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，就要分别用关系副词when,where,why来引导，在从句中作状语。关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构。即when=on(in,during…)+whichwhe

5、re=on(in,infrontof…)+whichwhy=for+whichEg:Irememberedthedaywhen(onwhich)Ifirstcametotheschool.Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedtohelpyou?注意：关系代词VS关系副词选择关系代词，还是关系副词首先要判断先行词在定语从句中充当的成分：若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语(whose)则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。Eg:I'llneverforget

6、thedayswhenIworkedwithyouinthecity.I'llneverforgetthedaysthatIspentwithyouinthecity.3.“介词+关系代词”结构有时从句中的介词会移到关系代词之前，此时关系代词用which,whom,whose.(1)“介词+关系代词”型ThisisthecompanyinwhichIusedtowork.Iwouldlikeyoutoexplainthereasonforwhichyouwereabsent.Lastmonth,partoftheprovincewasstruckbyfloods,fromwhose

7、effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.(2)“代词/数词/形容词最高级+介词+关系代词”结构Herearethequestions,someofwhich(=ofwhichsome)Ithoughttoodifficultforyou.LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.Chinahasthousandsofislands,the