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1、Chapter10LexicalChunks(2)PointsforThinking1.Whatisaidiom?2.Illustratewithexamplestheclassificationofidioms.3.Whatarethecharacteristicsofidiomsintermsofthegrammaticalaspect?4.Whatisaproverb?Canyoulistsomefeaturesofproverbs?5.Ofthefigurativeidioms,whatarethedifferencesbetwe
2、enmetaphoricalidiomsandsimilizedidioms?10.1DefinitionofIdiomAnidiomisgenerallydefinedasaphrasewhosemeaningisdifficultorsometimesimpossibletoguessbylookingatthemeaningofindividualwordsitcontains.Inmodernlinguisticsanidiomisdefinedasacomplexlexicalitemwhichislongerthanaword
3、formbutshorterthanasentenceandwhichhasameaningthatcannotbederivedfromtheknowledgeofitscomponentparts.Meaningisthusthedecisive,ifnottheonlycriterionforidioms.Thewordformsofanidiomdonotconstitutelexicalunitsanddonotmakeanisolablecontributiontothemeaningofthewhole,butshowaun
4、itarymeaning.Englishidiomsareanessentialpartofthegeneralvocabulary.Idiomsreflecttheenvironment,life,history,andcultureofthenativespeakers,andarecloselyassociatedwiththeirinnermostspiritandfeeling.E.g.lookup,putaside,doawaywith,thelaststraw,attheeleventhhour,asstraightasan
5、arrow,givesb.thecoldshoulder,makebothendmeet….Theyarestylisticallyneutral,andquiteanumberofthembelongtoinformalspokenEnglish.Anidiomisafixedgroupofwordsorasingleword,orevenasentence,withspecialmeaningthatcannotbeguessedfromitsconstituents.Thatistosaythemeaningofitmustbele
6、arntasawhole.Idiomsincludethefollowing:setphrases(固定短语)、colloquialisms(俗语)、proverbs(谚语)、slangexpressions(俚语)EnglishidiomscanbeirregularandillogicalinstructureDiamondcutdiamond.adv.棋逢对手Itwasdiamondcutdiamondwhenthetwoteamsmet.那两队一交锋真是棋逢对手，互不相让throughthickandthin不顾艰难险阻,在任何情
7、况下Hedashedthroughthickandthin.他不顾艰难险阻地往前冲。MostEnglishidiomsarefixedinstructure(1) whollyfixedidiomsEasycome,easygo.来得容易，去得快Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.无风不起浪Giftsblindtheeyes.吃人家嘴短，拿人家手软。(2)PartlyfixedidiomsA:Tocometoabad(nasty,sticky,untimely,nogood,etc.)end.He'llcometoabad
8、endoneofthesedays.他总有一天会遭到恶报的。B:Totake(have,enjoy)fortywinks.Iwanttocatchfortywinkbeforetheguest
