第六章需求白底黑字

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1、ChapterSixDemand需求RoadMap•Own-pricechanges–Priceoffercurve（价格提供曲线）–Ordinarydemandcurve–Inversedemandcurve（反需求函数）•Incomechanges–Incomeoffercurve（收入提供曲线）–Engelcurve（恩格尔曲线）•Cross-priceeffectsPropertiesofDemandFunctions•Comparativestaticsanalysis（比较静态分析）ofordinarydemandfunctions--thestudy

2、ofhowordinarydemandsx*(p,p,y)112andx*(p,p,y)changeaspricesp,p21212andincomeychange.Own-PriceChanges•Howdoesx*(p,p,y)changeasp1121changes,holdingpandyconstant?2•Supposeonlypincreases,fromp’top’’111andthentop’’’.1Own-PriceChangesFixedpandy.2x2px+px=y1122p=p’11x1Own-PriceChangesFixedpand

3、y.2x2px+px=y1122p=p’11p=p’’11x1Own-PriceChangesFixedpandy.2x2px+px=y1122p=p’11p=1p=p’’p’’’111x1Own-PriceChangesFixedpandy.2p=p’11x*(p’)11p1Own-PriceChangesFixedpandy.2p=p’11p’1x1*(p1’)x1*x*(p’)11p1Own-PriceChangesFixedpandy.2p=p’’11p’1x1*(p1’)x1*x*(p’)11x*(p’’)11p1Own-PriceChangesFixe

4、dpandy.2p’’1p’1x1*(p1’)x1*x*(p’’)11x*(p’)11x*(p’’)11p1Own-PriceChangesFixedpandy.2p=p’’’11p’1x1*(p1’)x1*x*(p’’)11x1*(p1’’’)x1*(p1’)x*(p’’)11p1OrdinaryOwn-PriceChangesdemandcurvep’’’Fixedp2andy.1forcommodity1p’’1p’1x1*(p1’’’)x1*(p1’)x1*x*(p’’)11x1*(p1’’’)x1*(p1’)x*(p’’)11p1OrdinaryOwn-

5、PriceChangesdemandcurveFixedpandy.p’’’21forcommodity1pprice1offerp1’curvex1*(p1’’’)x1*(p1’)x1*x*(p’’)11x1*(p1’’’)x1*(p1’)x*(p’’)11Own-PriceChanges•Thecurvecontainingalltheutility-maximizingbundlestracedoutasp1changes,withpandyconstant,isthep-21priceoffercurve.•Theplotofthex-coordinate

6、ofthep-11priceoffercurveagainstpistheordinary1demandcurveforcommodity1.Own-PriceChanges•Whatdoesapprice-offercurvelooklike1forCobb-Douglaspreferences?abTakeUxx(,)12=xx12.©Thentheordinarydemandfunctionsforcommodities1and2areOwn-PriceChanges*ayxppy112(,,)=×ab+p1and*byxppy212(,,)=×.ab+p2

7、Noticethatx*doesnotvarywithpsothe21ppriceoffercurveisflatandtheordinary1demandcurveforcommodity1isarectangularhyperbola.Own-PriceChangesFixedpandy.2*x2=by()abp+2x1*(p1’’’)*x1*(pay1’)x1=x1*(p1()’’)abp+1p1OrdinaryOwn-PriceChangesdemandcurveFixedpandy.2forcommodity1is*ayx1=()abp+1*x2=by(

8、)abp+