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1、DISCRIMINATIONBYGENDERANDSOCIALDISTANCE***MartinDufwenberg&AstriMurenJanuary8,2003Abstract:Weexamineexperimentallyhowaperson'sgenerositydependsonthesexofthatperson,onthesexofthepersonwhoisthetargetofthegenerousact,andonthedegreeofanonymitybetweentheint
2、eractingparties.Inourdatafewermenthanwomengivenon-zeroamounts;menreceivelessthanwomen;andlessisgivenwhensubjectsreceivemoneypubliclyonstagethanwhenpaymentsareprivate.Theresultsshedlightongender-relatedselfishnessanddiscrimination,andsuggestthatitmaybep
3、roblematictoorganizeexperimentalfindingsintermsofsocialdistance.Keywords:discrimination,gender,socialdistance,anonymityJELcodes:A13,C91,D63,D64,J71Acknowledgements:*DepartmentofEconomics,StockholmUniversity,SE-10691,Stockholm,Sweden;md@ne.su.se;http://
4、www.ne.su.se/~md/**DepartmentofEconomics,StockholmUniversity,SE-10691,Stockholm,Sweden;acm@ne.su.se;http://www.ne.su.se/~acm/1.IntroductionHowdoesthegenerosityofapersondependonthatperson'ssex,andonthesexofthepersonwhoisthetargetofthegenerousact?Howdoth
5、eanswerstothisquestiondependonthedegreeofanonymitybetweentheparties?Weprovideanswersbasedonanexperiment.Ourapproachreliesonthedictatorgame,apopulartoolinexperimentalresearchintroducedbyForsythe,Horowitz,Savin&Sefton(1994),andpossiblythesimplestvehiclef
6、orinvestigatinggenerosity:Oneperson(thedictator)dividesasumofmoneybetweenher-/himselfandanotherperson(therecipient),andpaymentsaremadeaccordingly.Inourdesign,thedictatorisinformedaboutthesexoftherecipientviathewordingoftheinstructions,andweobservethese
7、xofthedictator.Wefurthermoremanipulatethedegreeofanonymitybetweenthesubjects,byvaryingthecircumstancesunderwhichpaymentsaremade.Inthetreatmentwithprivatepayment(PP),theinstructionsexplainedthatthesubjectscouldpickuptheirpaymentswithoutdirectlyidentifyi
8、ngthemselvestootherparticipantsintheexperiment.Inthealternativetreatmentwithonstagepayment(OS),theinstructionsexplainedthatdictatorswouldreceivetheirpaymentsinalecturehallwithafewhundredco-studentspresent(clappingandcheering,asitturnedo
