Materials and techniques for electrochemical biosensor design and

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1、Biosensors&Bioelectronics15(2000)273±282www.elsevier.com:locate:biosMaterialsandtechniquesforelectrochemicalbiosensordesignandconstructionS.Zhang*,G.Wright,Y.YangCentreforScienceandTechnologyinMedicine,WEDunnUnit,KeeleUni6ersity,StaffordshireST55BG,UKReceived2November1999;accepted20June2000Abst

2、ractNewdevelopmentsinbiosensordesignareappearingatahighrateasthesedevicesplayincreasinglyimportantrolesindailylife.Thisreviewaimstohighlightrecentdevelopmentsinmaterialsandtechniquesforelectrochemicalbiosensordesignandconstruction.Rapidgrowthinbiomaterials,especiallytheavailabilityandapplicatio

3、nofavastrangeofpolymersandcopolymersassociatedwithnewsensingtechniqueshaveledtoremarkableinnovationinthedesignandconstructionofbiosensors,signi®cantimprovementsinsensorfunctionandtheemergenceofnewtypesofbiosensor.Nevertheless,invivoapplicationsremainlimitedbyfunctionaldeteriorationduetosurfacef

4、oulingbybiologicalcomponents.However,newcopolymersbaseduponbiomembranemimicryhavebeenextensivelyinvestigatedduringthelasttwodecades,raisinghopesthattheproblemsrelatedtointeractionsbetweenforeignsurfacesandbiological¯uidsandtissuesmaysoonbesolved.©2000ElsevierScienceS.A.Allrightsreserved.Keyword

5、s:Biomaterial;Biosensor;Immobilisation;Biologicalrecognition;Copolymers;Biocompatibility1.IntroductionThesystematicdescriptionofabiosensorshouldinclude®vefeatures(GoÈpelandSchierbaum,1991).Inrecentyears,biosensorshavebeenincreasinglyTheseare(1)thedetected,ormeasuredparameter,(2)usedforcontinuou

6、smonitoringofbiologicalandsyn-theworkingprincipleofthetransducer,(3)thephysicaltheticprocessesandtoaidourunderstandingoftheseandchemical:biochemicalmodel,(4)theapplicationprocesses.Typicalapplicationsincludeenvironmentaland(5)thetechnologyandmaterialsforsensorfabrica-monitoringandcontrol,andche

7、micalmeasurementsintion.Manyparametershavebeensuggestedtocharac-theagriculture,foodanddrugindustries.Biosensorsteriseabiosensor.Somearecommonlyusedtoevaluatecanalsomeettheneedforcontinuous,real-timeinvivothefunctionalpropertiesand