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1、PassionsoftheTongueLanguageDevotioninTamilIndia,1891–1970SumathiRamaswamyUNIVERSITYOFCALIFORNIAPRESSBerkeley·LosAngeles·London©1997TheRegentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniaAcknowledgmentsThisbookwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouttheassistanceofseveralindividualsandinstitutions.Funding
2、foritsresearchandwritingwasprovidedbyaU.S.DepartmentofEducationFulbright-HaysDDRAFellowship;aCharlotteW.NewcombeDoctoralDissertationFellowshipfromtheWoodrowWilsonNationalFellowshipFoundation;aRockefellerResidencyFellowshipattheInstituteonCultureandConsciousnessinSouthAsia,theUn
3、iversityofChicago;andaResearchFoundationgrantbytheUniversityofPennsylvania.Iamgratefultoalltheseinstitutions,aswellastotheDepartmentsofHistoryandSouthAsiaRegionalStudies,UniversityofPennsylvania,fortheirfinancialandintellectualsupportoverthepastfewyears.Ioweanimmensedebtofgrati
4、tudetonumerousindividualsacrossTamilnaduwhohavebeengraciouswiththeirtimeandadvicesincethebeginningofthisprojectin1990:ProfessorsA.A.Manavalan,P.Kothandaraman,I.Maraimalai,andR.Ilavarasu;K.SivathambyandA.Alagappan;Dr.M.S.S.Pandian;GanapathyStapathi;GurusamiStapathi;Mr.T.N.Ramach
5、andran;Mr.R.Muthukumaraswamy,managingdirector,theSouthIndiaShaivaSiddhantaWorksPublishingSociety;andMr.S.Ramakrishnan,director,Cre-APublications.IamalsoindebtedtoDr.CilampoliChellappan,Mr.P.S.Mani,Mr.P.K.Kothandapani,andMr.L.K.Ramanujamforlendingmebooksfromtheirpersonalcollecti
6、ons;andtoKaviaracuMudiyarasanforsograciouslysharinghisunpublishedmemoirs.Finally,IowespecialthankstoDr.A.R.Venkatachalapathy,fellowhistorian,forhisvaluableinsightsonTamilliteratureandpolitics;andtoB.KrishnamoorthyandDora,fortheirhospitality,forsharingtheirwonderfulcollectionofT
7、amilbooksandjournals,andforremindingmesomuchaboutthepleasuresofdoingresearchinTamil.Thisstudywouldnothavebeenpossiblebutforthepainstakingassistanceoflibrariansinthreedifferentcountries:thestaffoftheTamilnaduArchives,Madras,andinparticularMr.SivakumarandMr.Loganathan;Ms.GeetaJay
8、anthiattheMaraimalaiAdigalLibrary;Ms.ShyamalaatthePeri
