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1、SleepLossProducesFalseMemories12311,4SusanneDiekelmann*,Hans-PeterLandolt,OlafLahl,JanBorn,UllrichWagner*1DepartmentofNeuroendocrinology,UniversityofLu¨beck,Lu¨beck,Germany,2InstituteofPharmacologyandToxicology,andZu¨richCenterforIntegrativeHumanPhysiology(ZIHP),Universityo
2、fZu¨rich,Zu¨rich,Switzerland,3InstituteofExperimentalPsychology,Heinrich-Heine-UniversityDu¨sseldorf,Du¨sseldorf,Germany,4DepartmentofNeuroscience,UniversityMedicalSchool,UniversityofGeneva,Geneva,SwitzerlandAbstractPeoplesometimesclaimwithhighconfidencetoremembereventsthat
3、infactneverhappened,typicallyduetostrongsemanticassociationswithactuallyencodedevents.Sleepisknowntoprovideoptimalneurobiologicalconditionsforconsolidationofmemoriesforlong-termstorage,whereassleepdeprivationacutelyimpairsretrievalofstoredmemories.Here,focusingontheroleofsl
4、eep-relatedmemoryprocesses,wetestedwhetherfalsememoriescanbecreated(a)asenduringmemoryrepresentationsduetoaconsolidation-associatedreorganizationofnewmemoryrepresentationsduringpost-learningsleepand/or(b)asanacuteretrieval-relatedphenomenoninducedbysleepdeprivationatmemoryt
5、esting.AccordingtotheDeese,Roediger,McDermott(DRM)falsememoryparadigm,subjectslearnedlistsofsemanticallyassociatedwords(e.g.,‘‘night’’,‘‘dark’’,‘‘coal’’,…),lackingthestrongestcommonassociateorthemeword(here:‘‘black’’).Subjectseithersleptorstayedawakeimmediatelyafterlearning
6、,andtheywereeithersleepdeprivedornotatrecognitiontesting9,33,or44hoursafterlearning.Sleepdeprivationatretrieval,butnotsleepfollowinglearning,criticallyenhancedfalsememoriesofthemewords.Thiseffectwasabolishedbycaffeineadministrationpriortoretrieval,indicatingthatadenosinergi
7、cmechanismscancontributetothegenerationoffalsememoriesassociatedwithsleeploss.Citation:DiekelmannS,LandoltH-P,LahlO,BornJ,WagnerU,etal.(2008)SleepLossProducesFalseMemories.PLoSONE3(10):e3512.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003512Editor:JanLauwereyns,VictoriaUniversityofWellington
8、,NewZealandReceivedSeptember18,2008;AcceptedOctober1,2008;PublishedOctober23,2008C
