语法专题6-宾语从句和状语从句

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1、宾语从句定义：宾语从句的宾语部分中有一个从句充当宾语。Eg:Ibelieveit.(主语+谓语+宾语）此句中it是宾语，如果它由一个句子来代替，那就是一个宾语从句。IbelievethatIcanwinthematch.宾语从句三要素：连接词语序（主句+连接词+主语+谓语）时态注意：宾语从句的标点符号。宾语从句的标点符号取决于主句1）如果主句是陈述句，句尾用句号；2）如果主句是疑问句，句尾用问号。一、宾语从句的连接词(三类）1.连词：that2.连词：if、whether3.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which，连接副词when,where,why,how

2、1．连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。eg.Heknew（that）heshouldworkhard.Shesaid(that)shewouldleaveamessageonhisdesk.Iamsure(that)youwillbesuccessfulinthefuture.Iamafraid(that)ImayforgetmyFrench.注意：在suggest后的宾语从句中，谓语用动词原形或should+动词原形eg.Hesuggests(that)we(should)startworkingrightnow.2．连词if或

3、whether（是否）；引导一般疑问句做宾语从句。一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，以下3种情况只能用whether：①在不定式前：Whethertogothereornothasn'tbeendecided.②在介词前：Itdependson（依靠）whetheritisgoingtorain.③与ornot连用：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.Eg:Doyouknowif/whetherhewillgotoschooltomorrow?Doyouknowwhetherhewillgotoschoolornottomo

4、rrow?Heaskedif/whetherthatwasafasttrain.Heaskedwhetherthatwasafasttrainornot.MomaskedDadwhetherornothewascomingbackforlunch.3．连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which，连接副词when,where,why,how，它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。eg.Theteacheraskedthenewstudentswhichclasshewasin.Iwanttoknowwhowasthefirsttoinventthecompu

5、ter.Iwonderwhosebookitwas.Tellmewhatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday.Hedidn’tknowwhenhewasleavingfortheUSA.Couldyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?Theteacheraskedhimwhyhewaslateforschool.Hedidn’tsayhowhemadethemodelplane.【注意】1．由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。eg.Idon'tknowhowIshoulddowiththepresents

6、.==>Idon'tknowhowtodowiththepresents.Wehaven’tdecidedwherewecanspendourholiday.==>Wehaven’tdecidedwheretospendourholiday.二.宾语从句的语序--从句要用陈述句语序。Eg:HowcanIgettothemuseum?--CanyoutellmehowIcangettothemuseum?Wheredoeshecomefrom?--Askhimwherehecomesfrom.Isthereapostofficenearhere?--Idon’tknowif/wh

7、etherthereisapostofficenearhere.注意：如果是对主语提问的特殊疑问句，变为宾语从句语序不变。Eg:Whocleanedtheclassroom?--Iwonderwhocleanedtheclassroom.三、宾语从句的时态1)主句时态是现在的时态，从句时态根据实际情况而定。Hesaysthathewentonatriplastweek.Hesaysthathegoesonatripeverymonth.Hesaysthatheisgoingonatripne